242 LEPIDOPTERA 



the head. This flesliy organ is thrown out when they are 

 irritated. It gives off a very pecuHar odor characterized by 

 some as hke the flavor of ripe peaches. This is presumably a 

 protective device. The caterpillars are many of them 

 banded distinctly and others have rather neutral colors and 

 eye-like spots on the body. A large black form with yellow 

 stripes on the wings is one of the most common here. In the 

 South it feeds on the orange and is known as the orange dog. 

 In Northern localities it feeds on the prickly ash and the 

 pawpaw. The caterpillar of this species, Papilio cresphontes, 

 has much the appearance of the excrement of birds. In most 

 of the Northern vStates the species is rather rare, but in the 

 South is quite abundant. 



Pieris rapse, in the family Pieridw, is the common cabbage 

 W'Orm or cabbage butterfly. This species was introduced 

 from Europe into America some forty or fifty years ago, 

 probably in the vicinity of Quebec, and has spread over all 

 the eastern United States and practically over all the country. 

 Its life-cycle is pretty definite and the broods are pretty well 

 marked, there being two broods each year. Starting with 

 the adults that appear in spring or early summer, eggs are 

 laid on cabbage or other cruciferous plants and after hatching 

 from the eggs, the larvae develop by midsummer and adults 

 of this generation lay eggs that hatch the latter part of 

 July or in August and develop during August and September 

 or October. This brood feeds particularly on the cabbage 

 heads which may be tunneled through quite well into the 

 interior or at least well through the outer leaves, damaging 

 them for use. The larvje are green in color and well protected 

 either outside or inside of the leaves. The larN'?e develop 

 through autiunn and mature by cold weather by the time 

 that the plants give out and then change to pupa^, the 

 chrysalids being formed in fence corners, sides of buildings, 

 and other protected places. Sometimes they get into build- 

 ings and sometimes simply under rubbish. They are likely 

 to travel considerable distances from the plants on which 

 they have fed. They pass the winter in this stage and the 

 butterflies issue in spring and deposit eggs for the first brood 



