PREFACE. 



Preface to 1910 Edition 



In the lulO edition a number of what might be called moving pictures are scattered 

 throiinhout the work, showing the successive steps of various manipulations described. A 

 large amount of new matter has been added, especially to the following subjects: Abscond- 

 ing Swarms, Apiary, Bees as a Nuisance, Comb Foundation, Comb Honey, Diseases of 

 Bees, Entrances, Extracted Honey, Extractor, Exhibits of Honey, Feeding and Feeders; 

 Frames, to Manipulate; Fruit Blossoms, Introducing, Laws Relating to Bees; Pollen, 

 Queen-Rearing, Robbing, Swarming, Wax, Wintering. The following subjects have been 

 entirely re-written: Bees and Fruit, Glucose, Honey, Honey Adulteration, Sugar, Migra- 

 tory Bee-keeping, Nectar, Cane Sugar, Spring Management of Bees. The general subject 

 of Bees as Pollenators, under the head Fruit Blossoms and Pollen, has received special 

 attention in the present edition. 



As far as possible the reviser has sought to have all technical articles written by spe- 

 cialists in their particular lines. For example, everything relating to the chemistry of hon- 

 ey has been written by Prof. Hugh Bryan, of the Bureau of Chemistry of the United States 

 Department of Agriculture. Dr. E. F. Phillips, of the same Department, has prepared a 

 number of articles on technical subjects; and R. E. Snodgrass, who has probably made the 

 most extended study of the anatomy of the bee of any scientist in the world, has prepared 

 the a I tide in the appendix on The Anatomy of the Bee. 



Particular attention has been paid to the matter of general proof-reading in the 1910 

 edition. While W. P. Root, general proof-reader of the publishing house of the A. I. Root 

 Company, has done the major part of the work, he has been very ably assisted by F. A. 

 Allen, Phillipsburg East, Quebec, Canada, and Miss Wilhelmina C. Duecker, of Medina, 

 a former school-teacher. 



The article on The Anatomy of the Bee did not reach the publisher's hands until after 

 the regular article in its alphabetical order had been printed. As Snodgrass' work is so 

 much in advance over the work of previous scientists, it was decided to place his article at 

 the end of this work as an appendix. 



In order that the reader may trace out the authorships of the various articles, a list is 

 appended of those originally written by A. I. Root, those by E. R. Root, those jointly by 

 A. I. Root and E. R. Root, and those by W. K. Morrison and other writers. 



July 15, 1910. Ernest R. Root. 



ARTICLES BY A. I. BOOX : 



Age of Bees; Catnip; Milkweed; Mustard; Rocky Mountain Bee-plant; Ventilation; Water for Bees; 

 Whitewood. 



ARTICLES BY E. R. ROOT: 



Alfalfa; Anatomy of the Bee; Apiary; Artificial Fertilization; Banat Bees; Barrels; Basswood; Bee- 

 bre.id; Beginning with Bees; Bee-spaces: Bees and Grapes; Bees as a Nuisance; Bee paralysis; Bees on 

 Shares; Bleaching Honey-comb; Box Hives; Buckwheat; Canada Thistle; Candied Honey; Catclaw; 

 Comb Foundation; Comb Honey; Contraction; Diseases of Bees; Entrances; Exhibits of Honey; 

 Extractor; Feeding and Feeders; Foul Brood, American and European; Frames, Self-spacing; Frames, to 

 Manipulate; Fruit-blossoms; Goldenrod; Heartsease, Hives; Hive-making; Hoarliound; Honey-dew; 

 Honey-peddling; Huajilla ; Increase; Introducing; Italianizing ; Locality; Marigold; Migratory Bee- 

 keeping; Moving Bees ; Nucleus; Orange-blossom Honey; Organization of Bee-keepers: Overstocking; 

 I'oisonous Honey; Pollen; Pollination of Plants; Priority Rights; Profits in Bees; Propolis; Queen-rear- 

 ing; Rats; Record-keeping ot Hives; Reversing; Skep; Spacing Frames; Spanish Needle; Spreading 

 Brood; Spring Management; Veils; Vinegar; Weight of Bees; Willow; Willow-herb. 



ARTICLES JOINTLY BY A. I. AND E. R. ROOT: 



Absconding Swarms; After-swarming; Anger of Bees; Ants; Artificial Pasturage; Asters: Bee-hunt- 

 ing; Bee-moth; Bees; Candy for Bees; Clover; Drones; Dysentery; Enemies of Bees; Extracted Honey; 

 llorsemint; Hybrids; Italian Bees; Laying Workers; Queens; Raspberry; Robbing; Sage; Stings; 

 Swarming; Unitmg Bees. 



ARTICLES BY W. K. MORRISON. 



Ants In South America; Bees, Stingless; Carpet Grass; Catalpa; Century Plant; Cotton; Dandelion: 

 Egyptian Bees; Eucalyptus; Gallbeiry; Hives, Evolution of; Honey Adulteraticm; Honey and itsColois; 

 Honey-plants: Locust, Honey: Logwood; Mesquite; Nectar; Palmetto; Pepper-tree; Sunflower; Tupeo; 

 Dictionary of Bee-keepers' Terms. 



Campaniila.— Leslie Burr. 



Eye, Compound; Parthenogenesis; Scent of Bees.— Dr. E. F. Phillips, Bureau of Ent., Wash., D. C. 



Bee-keeping for VVomen,— >lrs. Anna B. Comstock. 



Honey as a Food.— VV. K. Morrison and Dr. C. C. Miller. 



Honey-comb.— Pi of. Edward F. Blgelow and A. 1. and E. R. Root. 



Oui-apiaries.— Dr. C. C. Miller and E. R. Root. 



Laws Kelatuig to Bees.— W. K. Morrison and Dr. E. F. Phillips. 



Pha( elia.— Dr. C. C. Miller. 



Smoke and .Smokers; Wax; Wintering.— E. R. and H. H. Root. 



Mangrove.— vv . S. Hart. 



Anatomy of the Bee in the appendix.— R. E. fnodgrass. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. 



Glu-ose. Honey, Honey Adulteration, Sugar, Cane sugar.— Prof. A. Hugh Bryan, Bureau of Chem- 

 istry, Washington, D. C. 



Picture Gallery Notes.— W. P. Root. 



