HIVES. 



242 



HIVES. 



like the wide ones. The two side boards, Ji, 

 15, are beveled or chamfered on one side so 

 tiiat-one edge is left only about one-half the 

 thickness of the other edge, but the ends are 



FIG.l 



L 



left full thickness of the boards to shed 

 water away from the ends and to give more 

 nail-grip for the grooved end-cleats, E, 



that slip over and bind tlie whole together. 

 The pnrjjose of the chamfering is to shed 

 water to the sides of the hive and away 



from the center-piece, AD, which is tongued 

 and grooved to fit a corresponding tongue 

 and groove edge of the two side-boards that 

 were beveled to shed water. The space 



under 1) is tilled with a thin board i inch 

 thick, theends of which project into the 

 1-inch groove of the end-cleats, E, where it 

 is securely held in place. 



In very hot climates a beveled or gabled 

 cover is used. The lower part of the cover is 

 flat, and the upper part gabled, as shown in 

 the accompanying illustration. 



HIVES THAT WE KECOMMEND. 



The hives we have thus far shown are 

 those that we use and recommend ourselves, 

 because we have tried them on a sufficiently 

 large scale so that we know that we are rec- 

 ommending no experiment. But there are 

 other good hives that are not standard, that 

 may be just as good or better ; but as they 

 illustrate certain principles of hive-construc- 

 tion, and as each one of them has some val- 

 uable feature, we will endeavor to explain 

 their general construction and points of 

 merit, as fairly and carefully as we know 

 how, without in any sense giving them an 

 indorsement. We will first take up 



HIVES WITH CLOSED END FRAMES. 



Under Frames, Self-spacing, we have 

 spoken of theQuinby,as that is the one used 

 in Central New York, especially in Herkimer 

 and Otsego counties. But in this depart- 

 ment we shall have more to do with the sub- 

 ject of closed-end frames, certain principles 

 of their construction, and their adjustment 

 i in several of the best hives. 



Closed-end frames may be divided into two 

 classes — the standing and suspended. The 

 Quinby, already spoken of under Frames, 

 Sp:lf-spacing, the Bingham, and the Hed- 

 don, are of the first-mentioned class; the 

 Danzenbaker, to w^hich we shall soon refer, 

 belongs to the latter class. It is generally 

 considered that frames with closed uprights, 

 while not as convenient, perluips, for general 

 manipulation, are better adapted to winter- 

 j ing. Frames partly closed end, like the 

 I Hoffman, or open all the way up, like the or- 

 dinary loose hanging frame, permit of cm*- 

 rents of air around the ends of the frames, 

 and, (it is claimed) as a consequence, that bees 

 are not so inclined, to bring their brood clear 

 out to the end-bars as they do when closed 

 ends are used. Experience shows in our 

 apiaries that there is something in this. See 

 Danzenbaker Hive under this head. 



THE BINGHAM HIVE. 



Mr. Quinby was the first to apply Huber's 

 principle of closed-end frames in this coun- 

 try (see Hives, Evolution of). This he in- 

 troduced shortly after the appearance of the 

 Langstroth hive. Almost contemporaneous- 



