VEILS. 



453 



VENTILATION. 



the outfit worn by Mr. David Coggshall, of 

 "West Groton, N. Y. The lower part of the 

 blouse is taken up by a string hemmed in at 

 the lower edge, which is drawn and tied. 

 When not desired to use the veil it is pulled 

 down from tlie hat ;is shown in the second 

 illustration. 



As for pants, one can get a pair of overalls 

 at any clothing-store, and it is suggested 



THE COGGSHALL VEIL WHEN NOT IN USE, I5UT 

 READY FOR EMERGENCY. 



that he get outfits such as are used by ma- 

 chinists and engineers. These have nu- 

 merous handy pockets, 

 large and small, in 

 which various tools may 

 be placed. 



Bicycle pants - guards 

 can be used to very good 

 advantage during ex- 

 tracting and all other 

 times, when one is sliak- 

 ing or brushing bees off 

 combs The bottoms of 

 the pants should be 

 neatly folded around 

 the ankles, and the 

 guards slipped on to 

 hold the folds in place. 

 A woman should ordi- 

 narily work i n s li o r t 



skirts or walking costume. Such a dress, 

 with high-topped shoes, makes a very neat 

 and becoming outfit. Some women go so far 

 as to dress in what are called " divided 

 skirts, " the lower parts of which are fasten- 

 ed below the knee; and a few go even a little 

 further and wear legular man's attire, and 

 one can scarcely blame them for so doing. 



VENTILATIOrT. Bees get it, ordi- 

 narily, through the entrance, and through 

 the cracks and crevices which are generally 

 found in even the best-made hives, providing 

 the hive is properly constructed in other re- 

 spects considered under the head of AV^int ek- 

 ing. We do not believe in holes made in 

 different portions of the hive, and covered 

 with wire cloth, because the bees persistently 

 wax it over, when they get strong enougli. 

 [f we omit the wire cloth, they will, in time, 

 build the holes up, by much labor, with walls 

 of propolis, until they have effectually stop- 

 ped the inconvenient drafts that the improv- 

 ed (V) ventilators would admit at all times 

 through the hive. During extremely hot 

 weather, a powerful colony may need more 

 air than is afforded by an ordinary entrance, 

 especially if the hive stands exposed to the 

 sun. In such a case we much prefer giving 

 the bees shade to cutting ventilation-holes, 

 which the bees soon begin to use as en- 

 trances; for when the hot weather is over, 

 and it is desirable to close these entrances, 

 you confuse and annoy the bees by so doing. 

 On this account we would give all the venti- 

 lation that a strong colony might need to 

 keep them inside at work in the boxes, by 

 simply enlarging tlie entrance. This can be 

 done very readily with the Dovetailed or 

 Danzen baker hives, and in summer we make 

 it a practice to give abundant entrance. 

 See Entrances. The chaff hive with its 

 entrance 12 in. by 1 in. has always all the 

 ventilation it seems to require, because the 

 sun can never strike directly on the walls of 

 the apartment containing the bees and honey. 

 During winter this 12x1 inch should be cut 

 down to about 2x1 inch, if tlie colony is a 

 fairly average one. If weak, contract to one 

 inch wide. In very cold zero weather put 

 snow over the entrance, oi-, if none, then 

 loose saM^dust, as, in severe weather, bees do 

 not need much air; but when it warms up, 

 clear out the dead bees with a hooked wire. 

 Too much ventiliiion of bees in winter is too 

 much of a good thing. The cliaff cushions 

 placed over the bees in winter are kept over 

 the surplus frames for the greater part of the 

 time in summer, to confine the heat during 



