Description of Foregoing Engravings. 



No. 1.— This picture shows A. E. Manums side-hill 

 apiary. This spot was selected because the ground 

 is descending, thus affoidiug good drainage, and Mr. 

 Manum thinks the bees can locate their hives better 

 in such a place, especially the young queens when 

 they go out to mate and as every hive can be seen 

 from the honey -house, the attendant can be watch- 

 ing for swarms while working inside. It must not 

 be supposed that this hill is very steep, as the 

 picture would lead one to think, as the descent is 

 very slight neither are the hives arranged on the 

 amphitheater plan, but are set in straight rows. 

 Mr. Manum has three apiaries on level groui d, and 

 he finds the water from melting snow often makes 

 it too damp for the tees : hence his preference for a 

 slope. 



No. 2 —This view is thoroughly characteristic of 

 Nevada, showing the bonanza system on which bees 

 are kept in the Sage-brush State. The honey usually 

 obtained is not only conspicuous by its quantity, 

 but its quality as well. Owing to the fact that the 

 honey is mostly collected from alfalfa clover, and 

 the extreme dryness of the climate, the honey of 

 Nevada is never surpassed in color, flavor, or den- 

 sity combined. It is not unusual to see piled up 

 underneath the cotton wood-trees ten or tvventy tons 

 of honey awaiting an opportunity to ship it to the 

 eastern markets, where it is highly appreciated. 

 Owing to the extreme dryness of the climate it is 

 wholly impracticable to use wooden packages, and 

 tin takes its place altogether, as is shown by the 

 illustration. Those who look on Nevada as a desert 

 will probably be astonished to know it is an excel- 

 lent honey-producing State. 



No. 3.— This beautiful picture was shown the au- 

 thor of this book lE. R. Root) while he was in Los 

 Angeles. The location is sis miles north of Los 

 Angeles, and is an ideal place for wintering. The 

 foot of the mountain, in the background, is such as 

 may be seen there on all unreclaimed land. Be- 

 tween the mountain and hives may be seen a grow- 

 ing crop of alfalfa. The trees at the left are prob- 

 ably orange. Each hive is the center of six others 

 standing around it, and they are far enough apart so 

 one can walk around each hive. The extracting- 

 room is a cloth tent. An iron pipe leads from the 

 extract! ng-room to the storoge-tank. The highest 

 yield Mr. McCarroll has had per colony is 2li0 lbs. of 

 extracted honey. 



No. i.— This shows how straw skeps are made in 

 England. These are still made in England to a lim- 

 ited extent, and some of the advanced bee-keepers 

 use them for taking down swarms, in temporarily 

 housing swarms, and for various other uses in the 

 apiary. Being light and cool these skeps are han- 

 dier than a box. 



No. 5. — The peculiar feature of this apiary is that 

 the honey is almost wholly obtained from sweet 

 clover which was distributed in waste places by the 

 owner several years previous to the taking of this 

 view. It will be noted the supers are in place and 



the crop here represented when gathered weighed 

 12,000 lbs., nearly all of it from sweet clover. The 

 apiary is situated in the heart of the town of 3500 

 inhabitants. The building in the background is the 

 honey house. It is evident the owner of this apiary 

 is a keen and successful bee-keeper, and as a matter 

 of fact the honey sold from it enabletl its owner 

 to start a drugstore He admits not being able 

 to keep away from the bees, and the ship-shape 

 appearance of every thing would indicate that to 

 be the case. 



j No. 6.— This is a thoroughly characteristic view of 

 I a Mexican apiary. Just such apiaiies exist all over 

 I Mexico. The young man, a true son of the soil, is 

 I about to hive a swarm in a long basket-work hive 

 j which he holds in his hand. He also has a cloth to 

 . put over the hive to shade and protect it until eve- 

 , ning time when it will be placed among the others. 

 I The honey is taken by putting the hives over the 

 ! fumes of burning sulphur and killng the bees. 

 ' No. T.- During a trip to Colorado in 1900 Mr. Root 

 made a visit to Mr. Philip Large, of Longmont, and 

 I was there attracted by the sight of a large solar wax- 

 extractor, elevated as shown in the cut so as to allow 

 of extra heat being applied underneath. At the 

 back end there is a cupboard door communicating 

 with an air-tight compartment. In this is a large 

 lamp placed under the slanting part of the extractor. 

 Mr. Large was greatly pleased with the working of 

 the extractor. For information regarding the 

 practical working of solar extractors, see thpt sub- 

 ject, page 36S. 



Xos. 8 and 9.— Views in the famous apiary of 750 

 colonies, all in one apiary, owned and managed by 

 E. W. Alexander, of New York. It is hardly possible 

 to show in one picture 7-50 hives but the view mark- 

 ed 10 gives us an idea of the extent of this apiary. 



No. 10. — A view of the honey-house and bee-cellar 

 of Mr. E. ^V. Alexander, at Delanson, New Toik, 

 who described it in Gleanings in Bee Culture for 

 January 15, 1907. as follows: "First, I will describe 

 the building, which is 24 feet wide and 56 long. The 

 longest way is north and south. The eel ar occupits 

 24x40 feet of the ground floor at the north end; then 

 the tank-room occupies 16x34 feet of the south end, 

 and its floor is on the same level with the cellar 

 floor. This room has four doors in it— one wide door 

 opening into the south end of the cellar; also one 

 wide outside door in the south end of the building 

 where we roll out the barrels of honey into the 

 wagon when we ship. Then we have a door on each 

 side of this room, which comes very handy to carry 

 bees in and out of the cellar from the lower p:irt of 

 the bee-yard by putting screens on these two doors; 

 and by leaving them opea we get a fine current of 

 air through the tank-room, which has much to do 

 with ripening and thickening the honey. The cellar 

 also has an outside door at the northeast corner, 

 where the greater number of colonies are carried in 

 and out . The shop part Is on the upper floor, which 

 is level with the floor of the extractiiig-room, and is 

 16x24 fe t. 



