INJURIOUS TO CABBAGE AND RELATED CROPS 45 



fall. The insect may, therefore, hibernate in the adult condi- 

 tion. The fly has an expanse of about J inch and its general 

 color is brown, the antennse being yellow and the legs pale. 

 This species has been recorded as feeding on cabbage, cauli- 

 flower, radish, turnip, Iceland poppy, horse nettle and mouse- 

 ear. 



Tfie native cabbage leaf -miner, Hcaptomyza adusta Loew 



This species is closely related to the preceding and has been 

 reared in company with it. It injures the plant in a similar way. 

 It is widely distributed from INIaine to Florida and west to 

 Illinois but is more abundant in the southern part of its range. 



Tlie imjjorted cabbage leaf-miner, Scaj^tomyza 

 graminwn Fallen 



This European leaf-miner is now distributed in this country 

 from New Hampshire to Texas. Its habits are similar to those 

 of the two preceding species. In this country it has been reared 

 from cabbage and in Europe it attacks several plants including 

 chickweed, lamb's quarters, cockle and catchfiy. 



There seems to be considerable doubt as to the determination 

 of the three species just treated. Sturtevant, who has carefully 

 studied these flies, does not believe that S. flaceola has been in- 

 troduced into this country and is of the opinion that the studies 

 on which the above account is based were made on a mixture of 

 S. adusta and S. graininum. 



Control. 



Little is known as to the best measures for controlling these 

 leaf-miners. Their injuries are rarely serious. It might be 

 possible to kill the maggots in the mines by spraying with a 

 strong mixture of nicotine sulfate and soap. 



