82 MANUAL OF VEGETABLE-GARDEN INSECTS 



gradually ('liaii,i;in<;' to a clear yt^low. Jn summer the eggs 

 hatch iu four days and the young caterpillars immediately 

 begin to eat out small ])atches in the surface of the leaves. 

 Within a day after hatching, the larva constructs a retreat by 

 folding over a flap of the leaf made by cutting along two lines 

 converging from the margin. Within this retreat the larva 

 lives, coming out only to feed. When about to molt, the edges 

 of the retreat are sealed. In the third or fourth stage, the 

 caterpillar constructs a new retreat by folding over a leaflet 

 towards the middle on the upper side. During the course of its 

 development, the larva passes through five stages. The 

 mature caterpillar is over 1^ inches in length. The head is 

 brownish black and the body yellowish sprinkled with black, 

 lighter below. The head is separated from the body by a 

 distinct neck. The length of the larval period varies from 

 two to three weeks. In Florida the life cycle requires about 

 a month and there is, therefore, a possibility of eight or nine 

 broods developing annually in that region. 



Under cage conditions, pupation occurs within the retreats 

 and it is probable that this is the case in the open. The pupa 

 is nearly an inch in length, greenish yellow at first, changing to 

 shining brown. In two or three days it is covered with a white 

 flocculent secretion. The pupal period occupies from six to 

 ten days. 



Control 



Experiments in Florida have shown that the caterpillars can 

 be killed on beans by spraying with paris green. As this 

 poison is likely to injure the plants, it would be better to use 

 arsenate of lead (paste), 4 pounds in 100 gallons of water. 



References 



Sciidder, Butterflies of Eastern U. S., 2, pp. 1386-1393. 1889. 

 Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 45, pp. 55-GO. 1898. 



