278 MANUAL OF VEGETABLE-GARDEN INSECTS 



in the earth or under boards or rubbish. The caterpillar 

 becomes mature in twenty-five or thirty days and is then 

 from li to 2 inches in length. The general color is ashen or 

 light dirty brown lightly mottled with darker brown. The 

 underside is light gray. This cutworm may be distinguished 

 from all other common species by the presence of from four to 

 six yellow spots along the mid-dorsal line. Pupation takes 

 place within an earthen cell just below the surface of the 

 ground. The pupa is reddish brow^n and about ro inch in 

 length. In summer the insect remains in the pupal stage 

 from two to three weeks. Under greenhouse conditions the 

 complete life cycle requires forty-five to fifty-four days. 



References 



Lintner, 5th Rept. State Ent. N. Y., pp. 200-206. 1889. 



Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 104, pp. 579-584. 1895. 



Fletcher, Rept. Canada Ent. for 1900, pp. 215-227. 



Wash. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 47. 1901. 



U. S. Div. Ent. Bull. 29, pp. 4i>-64. 1901. 



Davis, 27th Rept. State Ent. 111., pp. 84-88. 1912. 



State Ent. Nebr. Bull. 1, pp. 35-41. 1913. 



Canada Dept. Agr. Ent. Bull. 10, pp. 17-20. 1915. 



The White Cutworm 



Paragrotis scandens Riley 



From its habit of climbing fruit-trees and destroying the 



opening buds, the white cutworm has become notorious. 



^, In a severe outbreak in 



"^«^' western New York in 1893 



and 1894, over 90 per cent 



of the caterpillars found on 



fruit-trees were of this 



Fig. iGG. — A fuU-growu wiiite cutworm specics. It is a native in- 



(^^^^^'^^-^-^)- sect generally distributed 



over the northern United States and Canada east of the Rocky 



Mountains. In addition to injuring fruit-trees and grape vines, 



