LIST OF TEXT FIGURES 



PAGE 

 FIGURE -. AT /^ 



1. Cross Section of Mann's Hillside Incinerator, Used at U. S. Marine Camp, 



QuANTico, Va. (Mann) 4^ 



2 Modification of Mann's Hillside Incinerator, Adapting It to Level Ground. 



(Mann) *^' 



3. Small Incinerator of the Ferguson Type, for Use of Small Units, and Ca- 



pable of Transportation. (Mann) ^^^ 



4. Straddle Trench Latrines, 1 foot wide, 2 feet deep, 3 feet long, for Field 



Operations at Temporary Locations. (Mann) 47 



5. Covered Pit Latrine Level with Ground, a Semi-Permanent Type. (Mann) 47 



6. Garbage Can with Top Converted into Portable Urinal for Use in Com- 



pany Street at Night. (Mann) 47 



7. Urine Soakage Pit, in Cross Section. (Mann's Modification from Lelean) 48 



8. Chart Showing the Zones of Life Reaction to Temperature and Relative 



Humidity. (Pierce) ^^ 



9. Suggested Curves of the Responses of Average Americans to Humid Tem- 



peratures. (Pierce) 



10. Mouth Parts of Flies: a, suctorial type; b, biting type. (Greene) 138 



IL Diagrammatic Sketch of the House Fly, Musca domestica. (Greene) .... 139 



12 Abdominal Markings of Three Common House Flies: a The house fly 



Musca domestica; h, little house fly, Fannia caniculans; c, stable fly, Stomoxys cal- 

 citrans (Greene). In these diagrams the relative size of the abdomen is shown. 

 The light areas in a and b represent yellow markings and are variable in size. In 

 fig. c the markings of the last segment may be present or absent 140 



13 Ch^r^cters of a Muscid Fly Larva. (Greene.) Segment 1 is the head; 



2-4 are thoracic segments; 5-11 are abdominal. Segment 11 really contains the 

 seventh to tenth abdominal segments, the spiracles being on the eighth, the anus ^^^ 



14. Larva^of^ THE Little House Fly, Fanma comcM/am. Greatly enlarged. (Howard 



AND Pierce, Drawing by Bradford) • 14.J 



15 Dorsal View of Eighth Abdominal Segment of the Larva of Fannia 



canicularis. Very highly magnified. (Drawing by Bradford) ....... 143 



16 Ventral View of Terminal Segments of Fannia canicidaris; the ninth and 



tenth segments are comprised in the small zone around the anus. Very highly 

 magnified. (Drawing by Bradford) 



17. Larva of Fannia scalaris, the Latrine Fly. Greatly magnified. (Howard and 



Pierce, Drawing by Bradford) " " 



18. Dorsal View of Eighth Abdominal Segment of Fannia scalaris. Very highly 



magnified. (Drawing by Bradford) 



iq Ventral View of Terminal Segments of Fannia scalaris: the ninth and tenth 

 segments are comprised in the small zone around the anus. \ ery highly magnified. 

 (Drawing by Bradford) 



20 Larva of Musca domestica: Dorsal View of Head and Prothorax. (Greene) 145 



21 L.RVA OF Musca domestica: Lateral View of rER^NAL Seoments. (Okeene) 



The spiracles are located on the eighth abdominal .segment. The ninth and tenth 

 segments are ventral and not very di.stinct, enclosing the anus ^io 



22 Larv^ of Musca domestica: Enlarged Sketch of Right Stigmal Plate. These 



■ plates are less than their breadth apart. (Greene) l-*^ 



23. Lxuyx OF Stomoxys calcitrans: Enlarged Sketch of Thoracic Spiracles. (Greene) . 146 



xxi 



