NEEDS OF ENTO:\IOLOGICAL SANITATION IN AMERICA 37 



screen the place will be offset by a greater reduction in doctor's bills for 

 the women and children at least. 



2. Where there are many children passing in and out flies will get 

 in. The children should he taught to use fly swatters. No flies should 

 ever be allowed to remain in the kitchen and dining rooms. Flies which 

 visit food will deposit on it any disease organisms they have picked up. 

 If the Avater is pure, the fly is about the only common means of conveying 

 intestinal diseases to the family. 



3. Unless the babies and small children are kept indoors in screened 

 rooms, the helpless children should have a mosquito bar over the carriage 

 or basket so as to protect them from \^ies. This is absolutely essential 

 if there is any sickness in the neighborhood. 



4. There shoidd be installed sanitary -pit or bucket privies such as 

 are recommended by the Public Health Service. Both men and women 

 should be provided with such, and it should be a. rule of every farm that 

 indiscriminate defecation is absolutely forbidden. As many farms are 

 quite large the most feasible plan would be to place at various places 

 over the farm where they would be most convenient and best protected, 

 some type of latrine, such as is used by armies, or better still a perma- 

 nent privy. 



5. The well should be kept covered to prevent as far as possible 

 mosquito breeding and contamination. 



6. The foundations of the house should be boarded up to prevent 

 the access of animals and to eliminate a favorite mosquito hiding place. 

 The ground around the house should be so drained that water will not 

 flow under the house except in case of 'heavy rains, and in such cases will 

 quickly drain off from under the house. 



7. All ditches, ponds, streams, and bayous on the farm should have 

 the banks kept clear of obstructions io the free flow of the water. There 

 should not be any tree stumps, trees, roots, weeds, or logs in the stream. 

 The banks should not have overhanging ledges, or puddle pits. Per- 

 manent ponds and lakes might be stocked with mosquito-eating fish. 

 Places which habitually form puddles after rains should be filled and 

 drained. 



8. The barns should have hard packed dirt floors or cement floors. 

 All manure should be removed daily from the barn. If possible the 

 manure should be spread while fresh on fields lying fallow. Othenvise the 

 manure should be piled in tightly packed stacks or on platforms over a 

 cement basin containing water, in order to drown the fly larvae migrating 

 for pupation. 



9. The garbage should he fed to pigs, preferably in sanitary feeding 

 stalls as described by Bishopp in the lecture on the control of flies in 

 barn yards, pig pens and chicken yards (Chapter XI). 



