72 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



the larvae can be developed to the so-called "sausage" stage in Aedes 

 argenteus {Stegomyia calopus). Experiments with Anopheles albimanus 

 (albipes), Cidex taeniatus, C. quinquefasciatus (fatigans), and other 

 mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks failed to result in any development of the 

 larvae. Fulleborn (1908) was able to develop the larvae to the sausage 

 stage in Anoplieles tnacvlipennis and Aedes argenteus {Stegomyia calo- 

 pus), but no development occurred in the tick, Ornifhodoros mouhata. 

 Further investigations are necessary to determine what insects serve as 

 intermediate hosts for F. demarquayi. 



Filaria philippinensis Ashburn and Craig, 1906 



The adult stage of this parasite of man is unknown. The first-stage 

 larvae occurring in the blood of man are morphologically identical with 

 those of Filaria bancrofti. Unlike the latter, however, the}' show no 

 periodicity. Ashburn and Craig (1907) have shown that the larvae will 

 undergo development in mosquitoes, Cvlex quinquefasciatus (fatigans), 

 similar to that of the larvae of F. bancrofti. It is questionable whether 

 F. philippinensis should be recognized as a distinct species. 



Filaria tucumana Biglieri and Araoz, 1917 



This species, the adults of which are unknown, is based on microfilariae 

 found frequently in the blood of human beings in Argentina. It appears 

 to be comparatively harmless. Biglieri and Araoz (1917) conclude that 

 mosquitoes act as intermediate hosts and apparently consider Aedes 

 argenteus {Stegomyia calopus) the most important vector, though defi- 

 nite proof of this has not been, obtained. 



Filaria cypseli^ Annett, Dutton and Elliott, 1901 



The adult stage of Filarial cypseli occurs in the subcutaneous tissue 

 of the head of the swift, Cypselus affinis, also beneath the subcranial 

 fascia. The embryos or first-stage larvae occur in tlic lymph and rarely 

 in the peripheral blood of infested birds. Dutton (1905) has described 

 various larval stages of the parasite which he finds in an undetermined 

 species of bird-louse belonging to the subfamily Leiothinae that occurs 

 on swifts. The first-stage larva as it is found in the blood of the bird 

 and the stomach of the louse is provided with a sheath as in various 

 other species of Filaria. This sheath is lost and the larva probably soon 

 penetrates the stomach wall. The next stage of the parasite is found 

 in the fat-body of the louse as are two later stages described by Dutton. 

 The last stage of development seen by him is found free in the body 



