DISEASES BORNE BY NON-BITING FLIES 109 



was found by Cao (1906B) to be capable of passing through the intes- 

 tines of larvae of Musca domestica, CalUphora vomitoria, Sarcophaga car- 

 naria, and Lucilia caesar, in all stages of larval growth and of remaining 

 in the body through pupation to maturity. 



Thallo'phyta: Fungi: Schizomycetes: Bacteriaceoe 



Bacillus of Koch- Weeks, the cause of an acute infectious CONJUNC- 

 TIVITIS (pink eye), is thought by Castellani and Chalmers (1913, p. 

 700) to be frequently carried by the little Oscinid gnat, Microneurum 

 funicola Meijere, which causes great annoyance by hovering in front of the 

 eyes and attacking the eyes and ears. The flies may be driven away by the 

 odor of Odol. 



Bacillus A of Ledingham, a nonlactose fermenter from the feces of 

 children, has been found by Tebbutt (1912) to be normal to the house 

 fly, Musca domestica, being found on the ova, and in the larva?, pupae and 

 adults, and when fed to the larvae survived tlirough the metamorphosis to 

 the adult stage. 



Bacillus of Morgan, which is frequently found in cases of INFAN- 

 TILE DIARRHEA, has been found in various strains commonly in the 

 intestines of Musca domestica by Nicoll (1911), INIorgan and Ledingham 

 (1909), Cox, Lewis and Glynn (1912) and Graham-Smith (1912), and 

 the latter found that when fed to larv.T of the house fly it could survive 

 through the metamorphosis to the adult fly. 



Bacillus acidi lactici Hueppe, a bacillus common to cows' milk, has 

 been isolated from tlie bodies and from the intestinal contents of Musca 

 domestica in New York, Washington, London and Liverpool by Torrey 

 (1912), Scott (1917), Nicoll (1911), and Cox, Lewis and Glynn (1912). 



Bacillus aerogenes capsidatus Welch and Nuttall is a pathogenic 

 organism gaining entrance to the body chiefly through wounds and caus- 

 ing severe infections resulting often in GANGRENE. In the surgery 

 of the Great War this organism has been a very important one. It 

 occurs as a normal inhabitant of the intestine of man and some of the 

 animals. It has been isolated by Torrey (1912) from the surface as 

 well as the intestinal contents of city caught flies. 



Bacterium anthracis Davaine, the cause of ANTHRAX, although 

 probably more often carried by biting flies, has been shown by Davaine 

 (1870) to be capable of cai-riage by CalUphora vomitoria. He fed flies 

 on anthracic blood and inoculated guinea pigs with parts of these flies 

 40 hours to 3 days later, obtaining fatal results in 4 out of 7 cases. 

 From flies of CalUphora vomitoria caught in his laborator}' Cao (1906B) 

 isolated virulent germs of B. anthracis adhering to the glutinous secretion 

 surrounding the eggs as they were deposited. He later placed on flesh 



