114 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



water, and soil, and seldom pathogenic, was fed by Cao (1906B) to larva? 

 of Musca domestica, Calliphora vomitoria, Lucilia cwsar and Sarcophaga 

 carnaria and was among the predominant bacteria recovered from the 

 feces of the larvfe. 



Bacillus suipestifer Salmon and Smith, often found in cases of FOOD 

 POISONING and SUMMER DIARRHEA, is recorded by Scott (1917) 

 from the house fly, Musca domestica. 



Bacillus '^tifosimile'" Cao, a pathogenic organism strongly resembling 

 B. typhosus, was fed by Cao (1906B) to larvae of Musca domestica, 

 Calliphora vomitoria, Lucilia ccesar, and Sarcophaga carnaria and later 

 demonstrated in the feces of the larvae as among the predominant forms in 

 strains of differing virulence. From flies caught around the laboratory 

 he isolated pathogenic strains adhering to the eggs when deposited. 



Bacillus tuhercidosis Koch, the cause of TUBERCULOSIS, was found 

 in four out of six flies caught by Hofmann (1888) in the room of a tuber- 

 culosis patient, whose sputum had contained many germs. Flies fed 

 artificially with sputum died in a few days. Within twenty-four hours of 

 their being fed on the sputum, the tubercle bacilli appeared in their 

 excreta. A guinea pig inoculated with the intestines of flies developed 

 tuberculosis. Celli (1888) reports Alessi's experiments of inoculating 

 the feces of flies fed on tubercular sputum, and causing the development 

 of tuberculosis in two rabbits. Spillman and Haushalter (1887) were, 

 however, the first to find the tubercle bacilli in the intestines and feces of 

 flies which had fed on sputum. 



Bacterium tularcnse McCoy and Chapin, cause of a fatal RODENT 

 PLAGUE of which a few human cases are on record, may be transmitted 

 by Musca domestica. Wayson (1915) inoculated the crushed bodies of 

 flies fed on the viscera of an animal dead 48 hours and obtained fatal 

 results in three series of experiments with guinea pigs. 



Bacillus typhosus Eberth, the cause of TYPHOID FEVER, was 

 first shown by Celli (1888) to be capable of passing through the intestines 

 and into the feces of flies. Many authors have added proofs of the role 

 of the fly in the transmission of this disease and these are ably summarized 

 by Graham-Smith (1913) and Hewitt (1914). Faichnie (1909) proved 

 that flies could carry this bacillus in their intestines for 16 days. Leding- 

 ham has isolated the bacillus from the intestines of Musca domestica which 

 had fed on it in the larval stage, but found that the normal bacilli in the 

 larval intestines usually prevent its successful survival through meta- 

 morphosis. 



Bacillus vesiculosus, which is very frequently found in human excre- 

 ment, was found on the body of Musca domestica caught in London by 

 Nicoll (1911). 



Bacillus xerosis Kutschert and Neisser, a presumably nonpathogenic 



