120 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



Neosporidia : Myxosporidia: Nosemidce 



Nosema apis Zander, a bee disease, may be communicated to Calliphora 

 vomitoria and other insects through feeding on the bee excreta around 

 beehives. 



Protozoa: Neosporidia: Myxosporidia: Thelohamdae 



Octosporea monospora Chatton and Krempf is a parasite of Fannia 

 scalaris. 



Thelohania ovata Dunkerly is also a parasite of Fannia scalaris. 



HIGHER ORGANISMS CARRIED BY FLIES 



As pointed out in the introduction of this lecture, flies can carry the < 

 eggs of higher organisms. The evidence is presented below, but refer- 

 ence should be made to Dr. Ransom's lecture (Chapter V). 



Platyhelmia: Cestoidea: Cyclopliyllidea: Taeniidae 



Taenia {T aeniarhynclius) saginata Goeze, the FAT-TAPEWORM 

 of cattle and rarely of man, has been commonly found in the egg stage in 

 Musca domestica in British East Africa according to Shircore (1916). 

 It is necessary that the eggs, passed in human or animal feces, reach the 

 food or water of the next host (cattle). This may occur by means of 

 insanitary sewage disposal, possibly under exceptional circumstances by 

 the agency of flies. 



Platyhelmia: Cestoidea: Cyclopliyllidea: Hymenolepididae 



Choanotaenia infmidibulum (Bloch) Cohn, the FOWL TAPEWORM, 

 developed to the cysticercoid stage in Musca domestica fed on the eggs, 

 and Guberlet (1916) succeeded in infecting new-bom chicks by feeding 

 them on infected Musca domestica. 



Davavnea cesticiUus Molin, a fowl tapeworm, was tested with negative 

 results by Guberlet (1916), using Musca domestica and Calliphora vomi- 

 toria in his search for the intermediate host. 



Davainea tetragona Molin, another chicken tapeworm, likewise gave 

 Guberlet (1916) negative results with the same two species of flies. 



Platyhelmia: Trematoda: Malacotylea: Schistosomidae 



Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, the trematode worm causing intestinal 

 Schistomiasis of man or BILHARZIOSIS, may be found in the egg stage 



