CONTROL OF THE HOUSE FLY AND RELATED FLIES 165 



Bacot recommends a kerosene emulsion of 3 parts soft soap com- 

 pletely melted by heat in 15 parts of water and the addition up to 100 

 parts of kerosene or other liglit burning oil, and churning up to an 

 emulsion. This may be kept indefinitely and diluted with water to about 

 1 part emulsion to 10 parts water content. 



Protection of Animals. — Animals are seriously bothered by the pester- 

 ing of flies. Any kind of netting that the animal can shake to disturb the 

 flies is of some value. The question of repellents is one upon which many 

 investigators have labored. Graybill, 1914,^ summarizes the results of 

 these investigations. Those formulae most in use all contain crude 

 petroleum oil and usually soap. 



A good stock emulsion recommended by Graybill is made of: 

 Hard soap, 1 pound, 

 Soft water, 1 gallon, 

 Beaumont crude petroleum, 4 gallons, 

 Dilute to 1 part emulsion to 3 parts w^ater. 

 Bishopp's fly repellent consists of: 

 Fish oil, 1 gallon. 

 Oil of tar, 2 ounces. 

 Oil of pennyroyal, 2 ounces. 

 Kerosene, y^ pint. 

 For dairy cattle, Jensen makes a stock solution of crude petroleum 

 with the addition of 4 ounces powdered napthalin, and applies with a 

 brush once or twice a week. 



Jensen has also given three formulje of repellents for protecting 

 wounds from flies. 

 Formula No. 1 : 



Oil of tar, 8 ounces. 

 Cotton seed oil to make 32 ounces. 

 Formula No. 2: 



Powdered napthalin, 2 ounces, 

 H^^drous wool fat, 14 ounces, 

 Mix into an ointment. 

 Formula No. 3: 



Coal tar, 12 ounces. 

 Carbon disulphid, 4 ounces. 



Mix ; keep in a well stoppered bottle and apply with a brush. 



It is of the utmost importance that flies be kept at a minimum in army 



camps. We can do no better than cite a few authorities of the various 



armies in support of this. Ainsworth considers the presence of the house 



fly the greatest danger signal to an army in the field. Savas has called 



'Repellents for Protecting Animals from the Attacks of Flies, U. S. Dept. 

 Agr. Bui. 131. 



