CONTROL OF FLIES IX BARN YARDS AND PIG PENS 173 



the borax may be applied dry, but if the material will absorb liquid the 

 borax should be dissolved in water at the rate of one pound to five 

 gallons and sprinkled over it. 



12. Dead Hogs. — Dead hogs should be promptly disposed of either 

 by burning on the ground or by hauling to rendering plants. 



18. Treatment of Hog Pens Where Flies Are Breeding. — All manure 

 should be ' scraped up thoroughly, holes cleaned out and the ground 

 sprinkled with borax solution made as above. The holes should then 

 be filled and packed ; crude oil will assist in this. Lime has little value in 

 destroying fly maggots but will tend to dry up moist areas and reduce 

 odor. Ringing the hogs' noses reduces the number of holes formed and 

 is said to help keep them quiet in fattening. 



Fly Traps. — Each hog-feeding establishment should be provided with 

 a number of well constructed Hy traps, preferably of the conical type, 

 and k^pt well baited. Black strap molasses and water at the rate of 1 

 part molasses to three parts water may be used as bait, or 1 part dark 

 brown sugar to 1 part vinegar and 3 parts water may be used. The traps 

 should be set in situations where flies tend to congregate and awa}^ from 

 danger of being disturbed. 



Hogs should not be tolerated in towns or cities. On farms the same 

 general rules for elimination of fly troubles should be followed as applied 

 to garbage-feeding stations. For brood sows, good, dr}', clean housing is 

 essential from both the fly control standpoint and that of successful 

 breeding. 



PREVEXTION OF FLY BREEDING IN CHICKEN HOUSES AND YARDS 



Comparatively little attention has been given to control of flies in 

 poultry houses and yards. This source of fly breeding is one which should 

 not be ignored as it is present even in far more premises than are manure 

 piles from horses and cattle. Several species of flies breed in chicken 

 manure, but the house fly, stable fly and lesser house fly seem to pre- 

 dominate. The writer has found many cases in the South in which these 

 species seemed to be passing the winter in chicken manure. This ap- 

 pears to be a favorable place for the larvse to pass the winter as little 

 heat is generated to hasten transformation and sufficient protection is 

 aff'orded to prevent the destruction of the immature stages by cold. 



With small flocks of poultry in the back yard the prevention of fly 

 breeding is not difficult but is very likely to be neglected. We have found 

 that flies will breed in rather small accumulations of chicken manure on 

 dropping boards but are produced in greatest numbers if the accumula- 

 tions are on the soil itself. The weekly cleaning of all excrement from 

 the dropping boards and floor is sufficient to prevent fly breeding. Usually 



