218 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



possibly G. morsitan^. The development in the gut of palpalis is similar 

 to that described above for T. gambiense. Multiplication begins in the 

 hind intestine and by the tenth day numerous parasites are found in the 

 hind and middle intestine. The slender forms begin to be produced from 

 the tenth to the fourteenth day onward, and the proventriculus is 

 usually invaded about the twentieth day. About the 25th day they invade 

 the proboscis, where they may be found attached to the labrum, often 

 lying in clusters. They then pass through the crithidial phase, many of 

 them being extremely long and slender. Subsequently trypanosome forms 

 are produced which may be found free, sometimes in the hypopharynx and 

 at other times in the labrum. The salivary glands never become infected. 

 (Taken from Hindle who summarizes the work of Duke and others.) 



Duttonella pecorum (Bruce, Hamerton, Bateman and Mackie), cause 

 of a WILD ANIMAL TRYPANOSOMIASIS, is carried by Glossina 

 morsitans, G. tachinoides, G. palpalis, and G. brevipalpis, in the alimen- 

 tary canal of which it undergoes its cyclical development, 



Duttonella simiae (Bruce, Harvey, Hamerton, Davey and Lady 

 Bruce), cause of SIMIAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS, is carried by Glossina 

 morsitans and G. brevipalpis . 



Duttonella uniforine (Bruce, Hamerton and Mackie), a fatal TRY- 

 PANOSOMIASIS of cattle, with wild animal reservoirs, is naturally 

 carried by Glossina palpalis, which becomes infective in from 27 to 37 

 days. The infection of the fly is always limited to the proboscis. 



Duttonella vivax (Ziemann) Chalmers, cause of a bovine and ovine 

 TRYPANOSOMIASIS, is carried by Glossina tachinoides, and probably 

 by G. palpalis and G. inorsitans. Stomoxys and Lyperosia are suspected 

 carriers. The incubation period of the fly is from five to eight days. 



Trypanosoma franki Frosch, cause of a TRYPANOSOMIASIS OF 

 WILD GAINIE in Europe, is believed to be transmitted by Hippoboscidae 

 and Tabanidae. 



Trypanosoma gallinarum, cause of FOWL TRYPANOSOMIASIS 

 of the domestic fowl, is carried by Glossina palpalis, according to Duke 

 (1912). 



Trypanosoma grayi Novy, cause of CROCODILE TRYPANOSOMI- 

 ASIS in Africa, is carried by Glossina palpalis and G. brevipalpis. 



Trypanosoma tlieileri Laveran, thought to cause GALL SICKNESS 

 of cattle by some authors, was experimentally transmitted by Theiler in 

 South Africa by bite of Hippobosca rufipes Von Olfers and H. maculata 

 Leach. 



Trypanosoma tullochi Minchin is native to Glossina palpalis in 

 Africa, and no vertebrate host is as yet known. 



