232 



SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



prevent breeding in straw which falls out of the stalls and windows of 

 the stables. Where the stables adjoin a road, considerable straw may 

 fall out of the windows and remain outside the building in a place where 

 the horses do not come, and no one may think of removing this straw 

 with the daily removal of manure. Here is an excellent place for 

 Stomoxys to breed. Wherever marine weeds and debris are washed 

 ashore and form considerable masses, Stomoxys is likely to breed. In 

 plate XVII is shown the proper method of stacking straw to prevent 

 fly breeding. 



"fcaa^Siii pjf/i^v-i^ir .■^ESissss^.-.-i ."^■i«.:-:"«ts*^ 



Plate X\'II. — Straw stack sliowing proper metliod of building strawstack. (Bishopp.) 



Horn Flies 



Haematohia sanguisugens is an Indian bloodsucker, which attacks 

 cattle and horses. The principal species of horn flies belong to the 

 genus Lyperosia,^ of which L. irritans Linnaeus (plate XVIII) and L. 

 exigua Meijere are the two commonest bloodsuckers. The latter is 

 oriental. The horn fly was treated very fully by Marlatt in a circular 

 now out of print. This species is so called because of the habit of the 

 adults of clustering on the base of a cow's horn. The flies also cluster 

 on other parts of the animal and cause great annoyance. Even when not 

 feeding the flies rest on the cattle. The eggs are laid singly on the surface 

 of wet dung. The moment the dung is dropped a swarm of flies dart from 

 the animal to the dung and remain there a few seconds, during which time 

 - Dr. J. M. Aldrich does not recognize Lyperosia, but places our American species in 

 Haematohia. — W. D. Pierce. 



