256 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



A. maculatus Theobald is a' common carrier in India and the Malay 

 States, its relation to tliis organism being shown by Staunton. 



A. maculipalpis indiensis Tlieobald a common carrier in Northwest 

 Terai, India, was proven a carrier by Stephens and Christophers who 

 demonstrated Z3'gotes. 



A. viaculipenniis Meigen is the common malaria carrier in Europe, 

 proven by many authors since Grassi. 



A. viinimus aconitus Donitz and its s^'non^^ms albirostris Tlieobald, 

 coliasus Donitz, and formosaensis I Tsuzuki, has been shown to be a car- 

 rier of malaria in Malaysia and India. Staunton proved the carriage of 

 this organism by albirostris and Tsuzuki by formosaensis I. 



A. pseudopunctipennis Theobald (franciscanis McCracken) was 

 proven a carrier in Panama by Darling (1910) who found zygotes in his 

 experimental mosquitoes. 



A. punctipennis Say was first proven a carrier of this organism 

 in Louisiana by King (1916) who found 20 per cent of his experimental 

 mosquitoes infected, and later Mitzmain (1917) corroborated this by 

 finding 27 per cent of his experimental mosquitoes infected. 



A. quadrimacidatus Say was first proven a carrier of this organism 

 in the United States by Thayer (1900), and later corroborated by Wol- 

 dert in 1901, and Hirshberg (1904), and finally by King (1916) who 

 found 23 per cent of his mosquitoes, fed on a certain case, infected. 



A. rossii Giles was shown by Stephens and Christophers to be a car- 

 rier in India, but not commonly. 



A. sinensis Wiedemann of Southeastern Asia was recorded as a car- 

 rier by Christophers (1916). 



A. tarsimaculatus Goeldi was found by Darling (1910) in Panama 

 to be infected in 100 per cent of his experiments with this organism. 



A. theohaldi Giles was showTi to be a carrier in India by Stephens 

 and Christophers, who demonstrated zygotes in the experimental mos- 

 quitoes. 



A. turkhudi Liston was shown to be a carrier in India by Stephens 

 and Christophers, who demonstrated zygotes in the experimental mos- 

 quitoes. 



A. umbrosus Theobald was shown to be a carrier in the Malay 

 States by Staunton, who demonstrated zygotes in the experimental mos- 

 quitoes. 



For American students of aestivo-autumnal or subtertian malaria, the 

 following species are therefore of importance — alhimanus, argyrotarsis, 

 crucians, pseudopunctipennis, punctipennis, quadrimaculatus, and tar' 

 simaculatus. For those of our troops who go abroad the other species 

 listed above are of greater importance. 



QUARTAN MALARIA.— This type of malaria is caused by Plas- 



