S72 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



The American disease-carrying Anopheles larvae may be partially 

 separated by the following table: 



1. Abdomen with five pairs of fan-shaped tufts, the first pair small, 



pumctipennis Say, quadrimactdatus Say. 

 Abdomen with five pairs of fan-shaped tufts, 2. 



2. First and last pair of fan-shaped tufts smaller than tlie others, 



crucians Wiedemann. 



Fan-shaped tufts all. equal, each element in the tuft with long, 



slender apical portion, pseudopimctipennis Theobald. 



Fig. 52 (left). — Pupa of Culex. Greatly enlarged. (Howard.) From U. S. Dept. 

 Agr. Farmers' Bull. 155, fig. 8. 



Fig. 53 (center). — Pupa of Anopheles quadrimaculafus. Greatly enlarged. (Howard.) 

 From U. S. Dept. Agr. Office Secy., Circ. 61, fig. 12. 



Fig. 54 (right). — Pupa of Aedes argenteus, the yellow fever mosquito. Greatly en- 

 larged. (After Howard, Dyar, and Knab.) 



THE PUP^ 



Unlike other insect pupa^, the mosquito pupae are active and capable 

 of moving rapidly through the water. They depend upon communication 

 with the air for respiration. The respiration takes place through a pair 

 of appendages on the thorax, called the respiratory trumpets. By lash- 

 ing the pair of chitinous plates at the apex of the eight segment, called 

 paddles, the pupa can descend rapidly. It rises to the surface as soon 

 as it ceases its efforts. The mosquito pupa is also peculiar in that it 

 possesses e^'es, which enable it to see the approach of an enemy and make 

 its escape. Figures of the three genera discussed in the paper are given 

 (figs. 52-54). 



ADULT MOSQUITOES 



The adult mosquitoes are known to all of us. The males take only 

 vegetable food, but tiie females also require a blood feed, in many species, 

 before they can oviposit. Various species attack insects, frogs, birds, 

 and all types of mammals for their blood feed. Culex quinquefasciatus 

 feeds at night, Aedes argenteus in the day time, and the Anopheles during 

 tiie twilight hours of early morning and evening. 



