282 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



pools he fitted a parachute to the bottle and shot it with a bow gun, 

 using rubber bands for power. 



Artificial Containers of Mosquito Larva 



In mosquito work much attention must be given to all types of 

 artificial water containers, as rain barrels, cisterns, latrines, tin can 

 dumps, garbage cans, gutters, water pitchers, flower vases, aquaria, 

 table isolation receptacles in tropical countries, cesspools, sewers, toilets 

 and flushing boxes, traps in sinks, drinking fountains, water troughs, 

 etc. Flushing, periodic emptying, covering with oil film, stocking with 

 fish, are among the possible expedients available in one or another of 

 the cases. Capt. D. L. Van Dine and Dr. W. V. King have devised a ncAV 

 treatment for water in fire barrels and water tanks for storage of 

 water to be used in cleansing cans, in each of which cases oil is very 

 undesirable. These receptacles may be treated with borax at the rate 

 of y^ pound to 10 gallons of water; or with 1 pound of salt to 10 gallons 

 of water. 



Fish as Mosquito Control 



Among the principal natural enemies of mosquitoes are fish and in 

 permanent ponds and lakes and streams, the stocking with the proper 

 species of fish may be considered as one of the most satisfactory methods 

 of mosquito control. In this country top minnows and goldfish are 

 commonly used for this purpose. The Bureau of Fisheries lists the fol- 

 lowing fresh water fish available for introduction in American waters 

 infested by mosquitoes : The killifishcs, Fundulus diaphanus, F. dispar, F. 

 notatus, F. clirysotus, and F. nottii; the top minnow, Gambusia affinis; 

 Heterandria formosa, MoUienisia latipinna, Enmeacanthns ohesus, E. 

 gloriosus, Mesogoniatius chaetodon, Centrarchus macropterus, Lepomis 

 cyanellus, L. gibbosus, Elassoma zonatum, Notemigonus crysoleucas, 

 Labidesthes sicculus, and Carassius auratus (goldfish). (Radcliffe 1915.) 



For use in salt water or brackish water the following fishes are avail- 

 able: Fundulus majalis, F. heterocliteus, F, similis, Lucania parva, L. 

 venusta, and Cyprinodon variegafus. (RadcliflFe. ) 



The most complete summary of the species of fish available in various 

 parts of the world is given by Hegh (pp. 140-150). Howard, Dyar and 

 Knab and also Le Prince and Orenstein discuss the subject. The methods 

 used in distributing fish in various types of water in India are described 

 by Wilson (1917). 



In this country any one desiring to stock a reservoir or other body 

 of water with fish should immediately communicate with the Bureau of 

 Fisheries at Washington. 



The Panama larvicide and creosote are toxic to fishes, and 



