288 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



PYODERMIA. — Crab louse attack may result in papular eruptions 

 complicated by eczematous inflammation. 



BLEPHARITIS.— Dubreuilli and Beille state that when the lice are 

 abundant on the upper eyelids they may cause blepharitis of the ciliary 

 borders of the lids with a variable amount of pruritus. 



TOXE^NIIA. — Payne attributes fevers and headaches to toxic action 

 of Phthirus. Nuttall has also recorded a rise in bodily temperature due 

 to the attack. 



MACULAE COERULEAE.— The occurrence of this louse upon the 

 body is usually indicated by the presence of bluish spots on the skin due 

 either to a genuine pigmentation according to Oppenheim or a toxic 

 erythema according to Huguenay. Nuttall (1918) gives quite a dis- 

 cussion of the subject. 



MELANODERMIA.— Nuttall (1918) states that this louse may also 

 cause a discoloration of the skin amounting almost to blackness and 

 involving the mucous membranes and nails. 



4. Effects of Attack- of Other Lice 



Railliet has seen Haematopinus form real subepidermal nests in an 

 old horse. 



Imes states that biting cattle lice, Trichodectes scaJaris often form 

 colonies around the base of the tail, over the withers, and on other parts 

 of the animal, and produce lesions resembling those of scab. These 

 lesions var}' in size from one to five inches in diameter. The skin over 

 these areas appears to be raised and ringworm may be suspected, but 

 when the lesion is manipulated the scarf skin falls off, exposing the lice 

 grouped on the raw tissues beneath. Under such conditions the irrita- 

 tion may be fully equal to that caused by scab. 



The sucking cattle lice, Haematopinus eurystermis and Linognathus 

 vitidi, act as a contributing cause to increase the death rate among 

 poorly nourished cattle of low vitality'. Even mature cattle of full vigor 

 when very lousy will not gain weight and there is a loss in the production 

 of meat and milk. 



Chickens, turkeys, pigeons, and all other poultry as well as wild birds, 

 are abundantly parasitized by biting lice and are seriously injured by 

 the attack. The first symptoms of lice infestation usually are droopi- 

 ness, lowered wings and ruffled feathers. Diarrhea follov>^s and the 

 chickens often die in a few days. Older fowls may not show ill effects 

 other than decrease in egg production. 



