354 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



is identical with that of T. lewisi and has metacyclical forms in the rec- 

 tum. It is never found in the sahvary glands. 



Trypanozoon rahinowitschi (Brumpt), a trypanosomiasis affecting 

 the genus Cricetus, is carried by the fleas Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) 

 Baker, Ctenophthalmus assimilis (Taschenburg) Baker and Ceratophyl- 

 lus fasciatus (Bosc) Curtis. According to Brumpt (1913) Noller has 

 proven the development of this organism in the rectum of fleas. The 

 little metacyclic trypanosomes are found in the rectal ampulla. 



Mastigophora: Binucleata: Leptomonidae 



Crithidia ctenophthalmi Patton and Strickland is parasitic in 

 Ctenophthalmus agyrtes (Heller) Baker. 



Crithidia hystrichopsyllae Mackinnon is parasitic in Hystrichopsylla 

 talpae (Curtis) Rothschild. 



Crithidia pulicis Porter (1911) not Wenyon (1908) is parasitic in 

 Pulex irritans Linnaeus. Miss Porter described its life cycle in the 

 flea. The preflagellate stage is probably taken up by feeding on dejecta 

 of infected fl©as. The preflagellates have a somewhat frail appearance. 

 Division rosettes are frequent. The flagellates have relatively short free 

 flagellum and a large undulating membrane. These are followed by a 

 postflagellate stage in which multiplication is by longitudinal division. 

 Infection is contaminative, the postflagellates in the feces being the 

 source of infection. There is no evidence of hereditary transmission. 



Crithidia pulicis Wen^'on is parasitic in XenopsyUa cleopatrae. 



Leish mania infantum Nicolle the cause of INFANTILE KALA 

 AZAR of the Mediterranean region and Asia, is, according to experiments 

 of Basile, probably naturally transmitted by the fleas Ctenocephalus 

 canis and Pulex irritans. He apparently obtained the disease by taking 

 fleas from bed clothes of infected people, and also from infected dogs, and 

 feeding them on healthy dogs. 



Castellani and Chalmers inclined towards the Basile theory but Wen- 

 yon is not convinced. Basile found Leishmania-like forms in the mid-gut 

 of the flea. He also found other forms, some with flagella and some with- 

 out, and concludes that there is a cycle of development with preflagel- 

 late, flagellate and postflagellate forms. 



Leptomonas sp. Balfour (1906) is described from XenopsyUa cleo- 

 patrae. 



Leptomonas ctenocephali (Fantham) is parasitic in the gut of the 

 Ctenocephalus canis. Fantham has described preflagellate and flagellate 

 forms. In experiments of Laveran and Franchini (1913) dogs, inocu- 

 lated from mice infected with this organism by feeding on feces of the 

 flea, died. The disease caused by this organism cannot be distinguished 



