456 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



rendered very attractive to house and blow flies and nearly all of this 

 material is wet when it is dumped and must have a day or two of hot 

 weather in order to dry sufficiently to burn well. If it remains as long as 

 four days before burning, which is often the case during rainy weather, 

 fly larvae have sufficient time to develop before the material becomes dry 

 enough to be burned, and migrate to a nearby place where they enter 

 the ground and complete their life cycle. 



For the destruction of paunch manure, etc., incinerators of various 

 types are used by some packing plants and stock yards. At Omaha, 

 Nebraska, the Stock Yards Company has erected a huge incinerator of 

 a special type that contains sixteen large cells equipped with water pipes 

 throughout. As the contents of some of the cells are slowly burning, the 

 water pipes are heated and the hot circulating water dries the contents 

 of the freshl}^ filled cells which are later also slowly burned. The ashes 

 and charred material are then removed, mixed with finely ground, dr}^, 

 sheep manure and sold for fertilizer. At least six men are constantly 

 employed filling the cells and removing the charred contents and the 

 returns realized from the fertilizer are said to be sufficient to pay for all 

 labor and pay a reasonable amount of dividends on tlie investment of the 

 incinerator plant, which was erected at a cost of $40,000. 



Other types of incinerators in use, which are operated mostly by pack- 

 ing plants for the disposal of paunch manure and refuse of all kinds, are 

 single and double cell brick structures where everything is completely con- 

 sumed and the ashes are used for fillers of various fertilizers. At Chicago 

 one plaint hauls all its paunch manure and refuse on railroad cars a short 

 distance away to an incinerator made of a series of old discarded iron 

 rails which slope from the top of the track embankment to the ground, 

 leaving a considerable air space below. Here a fire is constantly kept 

 burning and consuming the manure and waste piled on the rails above. 

 Ashes filling the space below the rails are removed when necessary and are 

 mixed with other fertilizers. At a few large plants the paunch manure is 

 loaded daily on railroad cars and is shipped out two or three times a 

 week to places in the country where the manure is sold to truck farmers. 

 The trackage beneath the cars along the loading docks is paved with 

 concrete to prevent full grown larv» from escaping from the loaded cars 

 when they are held over several days. The paving extends well around 

 and be3^ond the length of the cars and near the outer edge it is provided 

 with a narrow, deep gutter filled to half its depth with water where it is 

 connected with the sewer. This arrangement carries off^ the excess 

 water and traps the maggots as they endeavor to migrate to a place for 

 pupation. 



When treatment of infested dumps is necessary, borax solution or 

 crude oil is mostly used. Spent fuller's earth, a waste product from oil 



