488 



SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



Disease 



Plague, bubonic 



Plague, rodent (sometimes hu- 

 man, as Ueerfly fever, Pah- 

 vant Valley Plague) 



Plica polonica 



Poisoning, bee, wasp and ant 



Poisoning, bug (used as food) 

 Poisoning, centipede 



Causative organism 



Bacillus pestis. 



Bacterium tularense. 



Pediculus humanus. 



Apis mellifera 

 Bombus spp. 

 Pogonomyrmex barbatus 

 Polisles spp. 

 Vespa spp. 



Many other ants, bees 



and wasps. 

 Aspongopus nepalensis 



Ethmostigmus spinosus 

 Geophilus siniilis 

 Scolopendra angulata 

 gigantea 

 " heros 



" morsicans. 



Insect transmitter 



Method of insect 

 transmissions 



Ceratophyllus 



acutus 

 " fasciatus 



" silantiewi 



Ctenocephalus canis 



Lcptopsylla musculi 



Pulex irrilans 



Pygiopsylla ahaUe. 



Xenopsylla cheopis. 



Musca domestica. 



Pediculus corporis. 



Ceratophyllus acutus 



Musca domestica. 



Stomoxys calcitrans 



Chrysops sp. 



Pediculus humanus. 



Same as preceding 

 column. 



Aspongopus nepa- 

 lensis. 



Same as preceding 

 column. 



and 



The bacillus is 

 taken up 

 from the 

 blood by the 

 flea, and may 

 be transmit- 

 ted by regur- 

 gitation a t 

 the time of 

 biting, or by 

 inoculaton 

 t h rough 

 scratching in 

 of infected 

 feces. 



Taken up by 

 flies from 

 stools. De- 

 posited 

 feces 

 food. 



Experimental 

 transmission 

 obtained by 

 subcutaneous 

 inoculation of 

 crushed lice. 



The bacillus is 

 taken up from 

 the blood. Ex 

 perimental in 

 fection has 

 been obtained 

 byinoculation 

 ofcrushed 

 fleas. 



Taken up from 

 carcass. 



Experimental 

 transmission 

 only has 

 been obtain- 

 ed by bite of 

 fly and by in 

 oculation of 

 crushed flies. 



Inoculation by 

 bite of fly is 

 suspected. 



Direct attack of 

 lice o n t h e 

 scalp. 



The poison is 

 injected b y 

 sting of ovi- 

 positor. 



The bugs are 

 cooked and 

 eaten asa del- 

 icacy but 

 cause severe 

 rigors. 



The poison is 

 injected from 

 glands locat- 

 ed in the head 

 and having 

 their opening 

 in a pair of 

 venom claws 

 l.ving beneath 

 the head. 



Nature of 

 Insect rdle 



Mechanical 

 carrier 



Mechanical 

 carrier. 



Mechanical 

 carrier. 



Mechanical 

 carrier. 



Mechanical 

 carrier. 



Probably me- 

 chanical car- 



Mechanical 

 carrier. 



External para- 

 site. 



Direct attack 



Toxic poison- 

 ing. 



Direct attack. 



