28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



list' of 46 s])ecics known lo fcctl on ihc j^nps) niolli, I' o r l li r i r i a il i s- 

 par Linn. I Ir lias foinul 25 fcciliii!^ on thr importi-tl ln'own tail moth 

 catiTijillar, !•! u p r o c t i s c h r \- s o r r h o c- a Linn., 25 feeding- on the forfsl 

 tent calcT|)iliar, .M a 1 a c o s o in a (lis stria Hiihn., 32 fccdint;- on the 

 apple* tent caterjjillar, .M a 1 a cos o m a a m c r i c a n a Ivilir., and 5 1 feeding 

 on cankerworms. Dr .\. 1). llopkins in a recent bulletin- states that wood- 

 peckers "are the most imporianl enemies of spruce hark hectics, and appear 

 to be of inestimai>le value to the s|)riice timber interests of the Northeast." 

 Of man\' hundreds of infested trees cxamiiu-d b\- him, he is confident that at 

 least one half of the beetles and their nouiil^" had been destroyed by the 

 birds, and in many cases it was e\i(lcnt that e\('n a greater proportion had 

 perished irom this cause alone. lie aiKls that estimating 100 beetles to the 

 .square foot ol bark, and an a\crage of 60 sepiare feet of infested iiark, it is 

 possible for each tree to \ ield an average of 6000 individuals ; 100 trees, 

 600,000, and so on. It is therefore ])lain, that if one half or two thirds are 

 destroyeil b\' the birds and other enemies, the amount of limber the remain- 

 d(-r kills will be much lessened ; specially is this true because the beetles 

 must be present in great numbers before they can o\ercome the natural 

 resistance of the li\ing trees to injurw 



lie also gi\-es a list ol the common ami scientilic names of the wood- 

 l^eckers ot northern Xc'w 1'lngland, j)reparetl for him b\- 1 )r C Hart Met- 

 riam, chief of the liiological .Surxcy, I'nited .States Department of Agricul- 

 ture. It is to llu-se binls that 1 )r llojjkins refers, though no evidence was 

 obtained at that time as to which species was to be credited with the largei 

 part of the beneticial work. The list follows: 



Hairy woodpecker - - 1 ) r \- o b a t e s villosus 



1 )()wny woodpecker - - I ) r y o b a t e s p u b e s c e n s m e d i a n u s 



Arctic three-toeti woodpecker P i c o i tl e s a r c t i c u s 



Handed three-toeil woodpecker L i c o i d e s a m e r i c a n u s 



Yellow-bellied woodpecker - S p h y r a j) i c u s v a r i u s 



'1900 Mass Crop Rep't. July p. ,54- 



= 1901 U. S. !)t;i)'t .^gric, Div. Eiit. lUil. 28, n. s. ]>. 2^-2(>. 



