INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES 41 



with which the cubic contents may be ciUcuhUed. Sc\eral box tents covered 

 with canvas or even rootin^r paper have been devised. These are provided 

 with frames and either constructed with a tlexible hood so tliat they can be 

 dropped entire over trees or else with a rt-mo\able sicK; which can be quickly 

 and tightl\- clamped to the frame. 



Directions for sproyiiio. In order to spra)- trees successfully, certain 

 rules must be observeil. Appl_\- the poison at the time the insects begin to 

 feed and where the\- must eat it if the tree is attacketl. Karly si)raving not 

 only prevents much injury to foliage but it is likely to l)e fully as effective 

 because young caterpillars as a rule succumb more easily to poisons. In the 

 case of certain insects, it is best to throw the spray on the under surface of 

 the leaves so far as possible, as some young cateri^llars and elm leaf beetle 

 grubs in particular, prefer the tender lower epidermis. Do thorough work, 

 that is, try to cover ever\- leaf with the mixture and spray till the tree begins 

 to drip, but no more. The finer the spray, the better, as a more even distri- 

 bution is insured. The poisonous mixture must be kept agitated while 

 spraying is in progress. Good work can be accomplish(>d with haml 

 pumps, though a power spraying apparatus is the best ami plent\' of hose is 

 essential, as a fine spray can not be thrown far and it is therefore usually 

 necessary to do more or less climbing. Remember that very much depends 

 on the man at the nozzle and insist on having one who can be relied on. 

 It is the poorest econoni)' possilile to [uit a cheap man in this responsible 

 and somewhat disagreeable position. It is comparative!)' easy to give 

 directions but the man who faithfully and intelligently carries them out is 

 not often found, and he who will temper his work with judgment is a rarity. 



Losi of spraying trees. .Se\'eral years ago we took some pains to ascer- 

 tain the precise cost of spraying in the hope of encouraging those to 

 whom the expense seems a serious item, and it is jjleasant to record that 

 it is much lower than had at first Ijeen sujjposed. I)r .Smith, of the \ew 

 Jersey agricultural experiment station, kindl\- supplied the following data in 

 1898. The elms on the college campus at Xew Brunswick are 50 to 75 

 feet high and were sprayed at odd times by the janitors, about an iiour 



