INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES IQ 



interestini^- object and the daintily colored one of the monarch butterny, 

 though conspicuous when removed fron: its natural surroundint,rs, is not 

 often detected in the field. The i)upa is usually conical or subconical in 

 form with the rudimentar> antt'unae, wino^s and le.^s closely appressed to 

 the breast. It may be conceahd by the last larval skin which usually turns 

 brown, hardens and then is known as the puparium, as in many flies. '1 he 

 unsheltered pupae of many Ijeetles are i)rotectively colored or rendered 

 inconspicuous by morphologic resemblances. This stage is specially a 

 period of transformation and reorganization. 



Adult. The comparatively simple caterpillar changes into the delicate 

 highly organized moth or butterfly, which in due time emerges from the 

 shroudlike pupal case. This last stage, contrary to popular belief, is not 

 marked by growth. ITies of various sizes belong to different species ; the 

 larger are not parents of the smaller. Some species take no food in the 

 adult condition. A few moths are wingless and simply emerge, deposit 

 their eggs in a few days and die, l)ut the majority consume enough to sus- 

 tain life for a longer period and not a few winter in this stag(>. The mam 

 object of the adult existence is to provide for the perpetuation of the 

 species and death usually follows soon after. 



This stage is marked b)- great iliversity of form ami the study of 

 perfect insects in particular and the relation of one to another forms the 

 basis of systematic entomolog>-. The elaborate classification now recog- 

 nized is not the work of one man or evi:n of a single generation, but repre- 

 sents the combined efforts of many students from the time of Linnaeus and 

 others to the present. 



Hibernation. The winter is a period i)f comparative quiet and few 

 insects are seen in this latitude. The first inference is that most of them 

 have died or disappeared somewhere and the rigors of our climate undoul;t- 

 edl\- kill many, yet vast numbers pass the winter in safety and are readily 

 found after a little searching. Some species, as previously stated, hibernate 

 in the (^^^ stage. The tent caterpillars, the white marked tussock moths 

 and certain predaceous bugs are familiar examples of this method of win- 



