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New York State Education Department 



New York State Museum 



John M. Clarke Director 

 Ei'HRAiM ToRTER Felt State Entomologist 



Memoir 8 



INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES 



EPHRAIM PORTER FELT D.Sc. 



Preface ------ 3 



Introduction ----- 5 



Injuries caused by insects - - 5 

 Shade trees and adjacent property 



affected 7 



Definitions and classification - 8 

 Important groups of insects affecting 



forest trees ----- 10 



Literature - - - - - i- 



Transforuiations of insects - - ij 



Parasitic and predaceous enemies 20 



General jireventive measures - - 25 



Birds - 25 



Remedial measures - - - - 34 



Selection and planting of trees - 46 



Common shade trees and their 

 cipal insect enemies 



More important shade tree pests 

 Destructive borers - - - 

 Destructive leaf feeders 

 Destructive sucking insects 



The battle of the weak or intert 

 facts about aphids 



More important forest tree pests - 

 Enemies of deciduous trees 

 Wood and bark borers 

 Leaf feeders 

 Sucking insects 



Ivxphinatiou of plates 



index . - - - - 



prin- 



sting 



49 

 50 

 50 

 105 

 [72 



a 435 



ALBANY 



NEW YORK. STATE EDUCAIIOX DEPARTMENT 

 1905 



