INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES 69 



Distribution. This species has been recorded from the following- locali- 

 ties : Canada, Vermont, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, 

 Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, and Iowa. It has in all probability a general 

 distribution at least throughout the northeastern United States. 



Characteristics of attack. It is difficult to detect this insect till it has 

 become well established and the first signs are usually seen in the lighter, 

 thinner foliage followed by a limb dying here and there. Soon indications 

 of boring are apparent in the dark sawdust collected in crevices of the bark 

 and after the attack has progressed for some time, large portions of the 

 bark can be easily pulled from the tree, revealing a condition beneath very 

 much like that represented at figure 3 on plate 3. The inner bark and 

 sapwood are sometimes badly scored [pi. 27], and if the work has not 

 gone too far, numerous whitish, flattened, legless grubs may be found in the 

 channels they have eaten out. Mr L. H. Joutel is of the opinion that this 

 species normally works in dead or badly diseased tissues and from them 

 may invade the living bark. This is undoubtedly trut; in some cases, at 

 least, and in others it certainly appears as though this species was the prime 

 cause of the trouble. The observations of Mr M. F". Adams on a large 

 number of injured trees in the vicinity of Buffalo led him to blame the 

 primary injiu'y on this species. 



Description. The parent insect is a modest gray beetle about y^. inch 

 long and marked with red lines and black spots, as shown at figure 4 of 

 plate 3. The specimen represented is an unusually well colored individual, 

 the dotting with black and portions of the red lines being frequently quite 

 indistinct. The flattened, legless, whitish grub is shown curled in its 

 burrow at figure i and the same extended at figure \a. The pupa, within 

 its elongated pupal cell, is represented at figure 2. It is yellowish white, 

 about ^ inch long, and with slender antennae curled along either side and 

 bent back over the breast. 



Life history. The time necessary for this insect to complete its life 

 cycle is unknown but after rearing it seems probable that it is one and 

 perhaps two years. The larvae that are to transform to beetles in one 



