INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES IO5 



DESTKi:CTIVK I.KAF IKKDKIIS 



Certain species of leaf feeders have been exceedingly destructive to 

 shade trees in New York Slate in recent years, and in making selections for 

 this (i-roup it is probable that some will be omitlt^d, which, in the course of 

 a few years will attract notice on account of their depredations. 



Key to destructive leaf feeders 



Blue-headed caterpillars with a line of silvery diamond-shaped spots down the middle of 



the back, rest in masses on the sides of branches and trunks and defoliate mai)le.and 



other trees in midsummer. . Forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma d i s s t r i a, [>. 106 



Brownish caterpillars with blue and reddish warts, occur in masses on the sides of 



branches and trunks of many trees in early summer 



Gipsy moth, P o r t h e t r i a d i s p a r, p. 116 

 Curious baglike shelters containing caterpillars, occur in early summer on various trees 

 and shrubs in the vicinity of New York city 



Bag worm, T h y r i d o p t e r y \ e p h e m e r a e f o r m is, p. i 23 

 Light green, white marked caterpillars about 2 inches long sometimes occur in immense 



numters on soft maples in early summer X y 1 i n a a n t e n n a t a, p. 129 



Red-headed, yellow and black tufted caterpillars defoliate in early summer horse-chestnut, 

 linden, maple and other trees 



White marked tussock moth, H e m e r o c a m pa 1 e u c o s t i g m a, p. 132 

 Conspicuous web tents in July and .\ugust. inclosing foliage at the tips of branches, which 

 is soon skeletonized and turns brown 



Fall web worm, H y p h a n t r i a t e x t o r, p. 142 

 Irregular, circular holes in elm leaves, particularly of European species, followed by 

 skeletonizing of the under surface of the foliage by grubs 



Elm leaf beetle, G a 1 e r u c e 1 1 a 1 u t e o 1 a, p. 146 

 Cylindric, coiled, yellowish white' worms with a black line down the middle of the back, 

 occur in midsummer on willow, elm, poplars and other trees 



Elm sawfly, C i m b e .\ a m e r i c a n a, p. 155 

 Large, black, red-marked, spiny caterpillars 2 inches long, occur in June and August in 

 clusters and defoliate terminal branches of elm, willow, poplar and other trees 



Spiny elm cater])illar, E u v a n e s s a a n t i o ]) a, p. 158 

 Circular, somewhat irregular mines occ ur in considerable numbers in the leaves of 



European and .American elms Elm leaf miner, K a 1 i o s y p h i n g a u 1 m i, p. 162 



Small web tents on tips of trees in midwinter 



Brown tail moth, E u p r o c t i s c h r y s o r r h o e a. p. 163 



