INSECTS AFFECTIXG PARK AND WOODLAND TREES I47 



conditions in various cities and \Hlagcs compels one to accept this conclu- 

 sion as very close to the truth. Tlie extensive and vii^orous means employed 

 in controlling this pest in Albany and Troy N. Y., havtt mitigated the injury 

 very materially and have demonstrated the possibility of keeping the insect 

 under control. The results in Albany are evident to any observer, for 

 instead of a large proportion of the elms having their leaves skeletonized 

 and brown in midsummer, as was the rule in 1896 and 1S97, the; (;ffects of 

 the work of this pest are seen only here and there where trees have not. 

 been thoroughly sprayed or else entirely neglected. These more local 

 injuries show that the pest is still here with unabated vigor and warrants 

 the assumption that the improved condition of the elms is due largeh' to the 

 extensive s])raying operations. 



Distribution. This beetle, as stated by Dr Howard, is common over a 

 large part of Eiu^ope, but it is injurious only in the southern portions of 

 Germany and France and in Italy and Austria. It probably established 

 itself in this country about 1834, as it was vc^ry injurious to elms in Balti- 

 more in 1838. Its southernmost range has been given b)- I)r Howard as 

 Charlotte X. C and Prof. F. M. Webster records finding it north of .Salem 

 ]\Iass. It occin's as far west as Kentucky at least and is well established in 

 Ohio. The progress of this insect up the Hudson river valley is interesting 

 to follow, indicating as it does, the distribution of the beetles along the 

 lines of travel. The pest was abundant and destructive at Xewburgh in 

 5879, and two years later it was reported from Poughkeepsie, in 1890 from 

 Hudson, in 1891 from New Baltimore, in 1892 it was known in Albany and 

 Troy, in 1896 it was taken at Mechanicville, in 1900 it was located at Schuy- 

 lerville and .Salem, and in 1904 it was found in numbers at (jlens balls, it was 

 abundant at Hoosick Falls in 1899 and it has also been taken at Oswego, 

 Hastings and Rochester. It occurs at Ithaca and is present in numbers 

 at Elmira, Chemung co. The aliove dates indicate ai)])roNimatel}' the 

 rapidity w^ith which the insect has made its way from onv. place to another, 

 and show that it sjjreads much more readily along the Hudson river than 

 east or west from its banks. The distribution of the species in this State 



