IXSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOOni.AND TREES 151 



the leaf. Each egg is somewhat fusiform, attached \ertically by its larger 

 end, with the free extremity tapering- to a paler, rounded point [pi. 8, fig. i, 

 n?]. Under a powerful lens, the eggshell is seen to be finely reticulated. 



The recently hatched grub is alsout ■ '20 inch long, with the head, thoracic 

 shield, numerous tubercles, hairs and legs jet black. Tlu; skin is dark 

 yellow but the tubc;rclcs are so large and the hairs so i)rominent that the 

 prevailing color of the larva at this stage is nearly black. As the grub 

 increases in size and molts, the stiff black hairs Ix-come less cons|)icuous 

 and the yellow color more prominent [pi. 8, Ug. 2 \ till the last stage, which 

 is represented at figures 3, 7, j)late 8. The full grown larva is about j4 

 inch long, more flattened than in the earlier stages, with a broad yellowish 

 stripe dorsall)' and a narrower stripe of the sami; color on each side, the j'ellow 

 strioes being separated b)' broad dark bands thickly set with tubercles bear- 

 ing short, dark colored hairs. The dorsal yellow stri[)e is broken on each 

 side Ij)' a sul^dorsal row of dark tubercles, which increase in size posteriori)'. 

 The lateral yellow stripe includes a row of prominent tuljercles with dark 

 tips bearing short hairs of the same color. The under surface is \ellowish. 



The pupa is a liright orange )'ellow, aliout i/^ inch long, and w'th a 

 \'er\' conve.x dorsal surface which bears transverse rows of stout, inconspicu- 

 ous hairs [pi. 8, fig. 4[ 



Life history. The transformations of this insect are so rapid that a 

 man must know what to expect or in fighting the pest he will accomplish 

 practically nothing, because a substance effective against the beetles or 

 grubs may not kill the pu]jae, and, after the larvae have begun to descend 

 the trees, may be of no \alue. 



The winter is passed by the beetles in attics, sheds outhouses and in 

 other sheltered places. W'ith the advent of warm weather in the spring, 

 they emerge from their retreats and may be found on the walks during the 

 sunny portion of the day or upon the windows of houses trying to escape. 

 The last of April or early in May, with the appearance of the elm leaves, the 

 beetles fly into the trees and eat irregular holes in the foliage [pi. 37, fig. 2, 

 pi 8, fig. 9[ Some time is occupied in feeding before the deposition of 



