INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES I 73 



Conspicuous cottonylike bunches hanging from the underside of alder stems 



Alder blight aphid, Pemphigus t e s s e 1 1 a t u s, p. 195 

 Underside of smaller soft maple twigs festooned with cottony masses protruding from 

 under a brownish scale, occurs on maples, elms, grape etc 



Cottony maple scale, P u 1 v i n a r i a i n n u m e r a b i 1 i s, p. 1 96 



Species with no llocculent matter except when very young 



Small, hemispheric, reddish, black marked scale insects on the underside of the 

 smaller limbs of hard and soft maples 



Black-banded scale, E u 1 e c a n i u m n i g r o f a s c i a t u m, p. 200 

 Under surface of elm leaves thickly clustered in summer, with reddish, woolly-bor- 

 dered bark lice Elm bark louse, G o s s y p a r i a spuria, p. 203 



American elms with whitish, irregularly oval scale insects on the bark 



Elm scurfy scale, C h i o n a s p i s a m e r i c a n a, p. 207 

 Large, nearly hemispheric, brownish scale insects in clustered masses on the under 



side of tulip limbs Tuliptree scale, E u 1 e c a n i u m t u li p i f e r a e, p. 208 



Brownish, oyster shell-like scale insects exceedingly abundant on ash, balm of fiilead 



and also many other trees Oyster scale, Lepidosaphes ulnii, p. 211 



Dirty, blackish scale insects on Euonymus and Celastrus 



Euonymus scale, C h i o n a s p i s e u o n y m i, \>. 213 

 Whitish, scurfy appearance on the trunk and limbs of Japanese quince and some other 



trees and shrubs Scurfy scale, C h i o n a s p i s f u r f u r a, ]j. 214 



Circular, grayish or yellowish scale insects verv abundant on Japanese quince and 



some other trees San Jos^ scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus, p. 216 



Circular or oval, dark gray or black scale insects about '/,2 inch in diameter and with 

 a dark red cast skin or exuviae to one side of the center, may be met with in small 

 numbers on various native trees 



Putnam's scale, Aspidiotus a n c y 1 u s, ]>. 226 

 Scurfy, whitish, irregular scale on alder and Cornus. C h i o n a s p i s 1 i n t n e r i, p. 227 

 Irregular, whitish scale insect on roses, blackberries and raspberries 



Rose scale, A u 1 a c a s p i s r o s a e, p. 228 



Circular, snow-white scale on juniper Juniper scale, Diaspis c a r u e 1 i, j). 229 



Elongated, whitish scale insect on needles of various pines 



Pine leaf scale, Ch i o n as. p i s p i n i f o 1 i a e, p. 229 



Large, freely moving species usually on trunks or limbs 

 A stout, large, black insect with membranous orange veined wings and red eyes 



Periodical cicada, Tibicen septendecim, p. 231 



