INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AXD WOODLAND TREES 227 



Life history. This insect passes the winter in ;i partly grown con- 

 dition. There is but a single generation. The studies of Mr Putnam, in 

 Iowa, show that the males appear there the latter part of April, and that 

 the female deposits from 30 to 40 eggs in the late spring or early summer. 

 The crawling young of this species may be seen during most of July, in 

 the latitude of Albany, indicating that the hatching of the eggs extends 

 over a considerable period. Professor Johnson states that this species 

 may cause a purplish tinge in green tissue, but it is not so marked as with 

 the San Jose scale. This discoloration has not been observed in New York 

 State. 



Food plants. This species has been recorded on a number of plants 

 aside from fruit trees. Professor Comstock Tias found it on ash, beech, 

 bladdernut, hackberr\-, linden, maple, oak, Osage orange, peach and water 

 locust. It has also been recorded on elm and willow. Professor Johnson 

 attributes the killing of an English oak in Illinois to this scale insect. It 

 has been received from this State by Dr Howard on pin oak and hemlock, 

 and it also occurs on mountain ash, pear. Ilex v e r t i c i 1 1 a t a. Ilex 

 laevigata, white birch, P r u n u s and American elm. 



Distribution. This species is probably widely distributed in the United 

 States and is an exceedingly common species in New York, where it has 

 been recorded from a number of localities. 



Natural enemies. A single parasite, P h y s c u s v a r i c o r n i s How., 

 has been reared from this species. 



Bibliography 

 1901 Felt, E. P. N. V. State Mus. iUil. 46, p. .?26-;,o 



Chionaspis lintneri Comstock 

 This species has been recorded as occurring within the bounds of the 

 State and is known to live on alder, \' i 1) u r n u m 1 a n t a n o i d e s, 

 B e t u 1 a p a p )• r i f e r a, C o r n u s a 1 1 e r n i f o 1 i a, C. s t o 1 a n i f e r a, 

 and a species of willow. It has also been found on L i n d e r a o d o r i f e r a 

 and C o r \- 1 u s a m e r i c a n a. 



