230 NEW YORK STATE MISEUM 



green. Hundreds of scales could lie counted on a single leaf, and the 

 attack was so severe tliat a number of the trees were very nearly killed. 



Description. The scale of this insect is oval, elongated, snow white in 

 color, and with the small, yellow cast skins at the smaller ends. This 

 species can be easily recognized b\' reference to plate 19, figure 9. 



Life history. Tliis insect is recorded as passing through two genera- 

 tions annually in the northern United .States. Hibernation occurs in the 

 Ci^<^ stage, 20 to 27 eggs being found under each scale, according to Mr 

 Cooley, who states that he has seen the egg hatch at Amherst Mass., 

 Mav 25, while we have ol)served the young in Albany May 12. Dr 

 Le Baron has recorded lln-m hatching May 10 to 25, and l)r Riley, as 

 ea.-Iy as April 25. Ur Le Baron states that the first eggs which hatch 

 produce only male insects, while the later individuals are females. Tiie 

 ^■oung crawl al)out over the leaves for two or three days, tiien come to rest 

 and begin feeding. The latter author slates that the yoimg males settle 

 entirely on the old leaves, whik- tlu: females usually migrate to the tender 

 needles at the ends of the twigs. Mr Cooley states that this does not 

 seem to l)e a fixed habit since, after watching this insect, he did not observe 

 this marked tlifferencc in the place of settling of the two sexes. The 

 male requires about 10 da\s for the development of its scale, and the 

 female, three weeks. The male develops much more rapidly than the 

 female ami he matures at the time the latter is passing through her second 

 molt, immediately after which ])airlng takes ])lact>. Mr Cooley states that 

 it is impossible to separate the two broods of this insect, as the time of 

 hatching extends over so long a period that scales in all stages of develop- 

 ment can be found an\' lime during the summer. He adds that he is n<H 

 al all sure there are not three brriods in the; latiuule of Andicrst Mass. 

 l)r Le Baron states that feniaUs comjileU! their development and commence 

 laying eggs in luly which begin hatching the first of August, and continue 

 till the midilh; of September. These produced the second brood of 

 young and the adult females resulting therefrom lay eggs which remain in 

 that stage through the winter and give rise to the first brood the following 



