INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES 237 



quently attracts the attention of vertebrates, such as cats, doj^s, skunks, 

 ground ho^s, and even gray squirrels feed on them. Domestic fowls of all 

 kinds relish them, and in some places they remain in the woods all day 

 during "locust time." The adults are eaten by most birds, and the linglisli 

 sparrow has been recorded as possessing a special fondness for this insect. 

 Robins are said to prefer them to strawberries, and the crow eats them 

 readily. Other birds recorded as feeding on them are as follcjws : cuckoo, 

 kingbird, oriole, sparrow, catbird, thrushes, ground birds, and even the com- 

 mon land turtle has been known to feed on the nymphs. Ants attack 

 cicadas, but the)- probably do hot molest living, healthy individuals. A 

 fungus, Massospora c i c a d i n a, has proven fatal to man\- insects in 

 widely separated localities. 



Remedial measures. It is practicalh' impossible to pre\ent these insects 

 from emerging, and the best known method of protecting trees, consists in 

 inclosing them with fine netting, this course being practical only in the case 

 of highK' \alued ones. Agriculturists ma\' pre\"ent damage to a consider- 

 able e.xtent by not setting trees for two or three years before a large Ijrood 



is expected in the locality. 



Bibliography 



1856 Fitch, Asa. Ins. X. V. ir,t Rc-]i't, p. 3.S-49 



1885 Lintner, J. A. Ins. .\. V. 2(1 Rci-'t. 11. 167-79 



1889 Ins. X. \'. 5th Rc])'t, p. 276-78 



1891 Ins. X. \. 7th Rcp't, p. 297-301 



1897 Ins. N. V. i2th Rt-p't. 1S96. ]i. 272-89 



1898 Marlatt, C. L. U. ."<. Dep't .\i;ric. Div. I-lnt. liul. 14, n. s. p. 1-148 



1901 Macgillivray, A. D. Can. Knt. 33 : 78 



1902 Lowe, V. H. X. \. Exp. Sta. Bui. 212, ]>. 3-16 



Dog day cicada or harvest fly 



Tibiccn tibiicn Linn. 

 This species is rather common in |uh- and August in many sections of 

 the .State and ma)" be readily recognizeil by its large size and peculiar form 

 [pi. 45, fig. I ], as well as b)- its shrill call ^o frequently heard. The body 



