268 NEW VOKK STATE MUSEUM 



This fcjrm is usually recorded as a hickory Ijorer, thoui;h Mr Chiltcnck'H 

 cites an insiaiice wherc! he reared this species from plum branches badly 

 infested by the fruit tree bark beetle, Scol)tus rugulosus Ratz. He 

 also reports it as injurious to all kinds of oaks. l)r Lugger records it from 

 appli', and I)r llo|)kins has listeil it from chestnut. 



Distribution. This species appears to be widely distributed though not 

 abundant in the northeastern United States, having been recorded from 

 Massachusetts, New \'()rk. New Jersey, District of Columbia, Ohio and 

 Minnesota. 



Preventive measures. This Ixinr displa\s a marked preference for 

 felled timber, antl Fn.fessor Osijorn states that if the wood be cut in the 

 fall or early winter, so that it becomes thoroughly dry before the beetles 

 appear the following summer, there is much less danger of injury. Peeling 

 the bark is also bi-licved to afford consideral)le immunity, though this has 

 not been established by e.xperimental evidence. The above statements are 

 based largely on Professor Osborn's account of this insect in Garden aiid 

 Forest for May 1888, p. 148. 



Tiger hickory borer 

 (iocs //'iirtiid l)e(/. 



The large creamy yellow grubs of this si)e(ies may make large holes lengthwise in 

 the inner bark and sapwood of living hickory, oak, and possibly some other trees. 



This species has been charactc^riztnl by l)r Packard, as perhaps the 

 most common borer in hickory and walnut in the Southern .States. 1 he 

 young larvae, according to Dr bitch, li\r at first on the soft outer layers 

 of the sapwood, mining a shallow ca\il\- about the orifice. Th(- overlying 

 bark dies and turns black. With incri^ase in size and corres])()ntlingl\- 

 stronger jaws, the larva gnaws into solid wood from the upper part of the 

 burrow, boring oblicpiely inward and upward, all the lower portion being 

 commonly packeil with sawdustlike chips. l-'inally, when the grub has 

 attained fidl growth, the uii])rr end of the biuTOW is extended outward to 

 the bark, in order that the ailult may reatlil\- escape from its burrow. 



Description. The ailult has been c'.iaracterized by Dr bitch, as a long- 



