NEW VOkK STATK MISEL.M 



of each segment, commencing with the second and ending with tlie tenth, 

 appears a slight swelHng containing a double, transverse row of toothlike 

 projections, from twelve to eighteen in number, sometimes with a few odd 

 ones in front of each row." \S'cc pi. 9, fig. 12] 



He has described the pupa as yellowish whiter and aljout -^4 inch in 

 length: "The antennal sheaths arise from the notch on the inner, upper 

 half of the eyes, and crossing them, pass down along each side of the back, 

 over the wing sheaths and just above the sheaths of first and second pairs 

 of legs, and then turning inward, pass back toward the mouth parts, where 

 they turn outward, forming a circle over the sheaths of first pair of legs. 

 The first and second pairs of legs are above, and the third pair with 

 excejjtion of tarsi are below the w^ng sheaths. On the inner and upper 

 margin of the base of the antennal sheaths is a short, slightly curved, horn- 

 like protuberance, pointing backward and outward. .Small, brownish, sharji 

 points occur on the following parts of abdomen : the swellings which appear 

 on the side of each abdominal segment with excei^tion of the first, the 

 upper surface, and posterior margin of anal segment, which is thickly 

 fringed with sharp, e.xcurved points." 



The adult insect, as previously stated, ranges in length from a little 

 over y( to nearly. 44 inch. It may be easily recognized b)- reference to 

 plate 9, figure 6. 



Life history. The? tirst contriitution to the life history of this insect, 

 was by Professor Haldeman, as mentioned above, but it is to Messrs Walsh 

 and Riley that we owe our first illustration of the insect and its work, and 

 a somewhat detailed discussion of its life historv. The adult beetles occur 

 in Pennsylvania, according to 1 laldcMiian, tluring the last two weeks in 

 August and the first week in September, feeding on the bark of the tender 

 branches of young hickories. This insect has been the sul)iect of close 

 studies in Kansas, by Messrs Scheffer and Parrolt, who worked independ- 

 ently. Professor Parrott has observed the girdling of the twig, and states 

 that the female selects a twig seldom more than y2 inch in diameter, and 

 does not make a complete circle at once but cuts section b\- section, as if 

 cutting as dtrep as the edges of the groove will permit her. ( )nc section 

 after another is thus cut till the twig is girdled, the entire operation taking 

 \2 hours in some cases. These gentlemen state that the eggs are deposited 

 beneath the bark of the girdled branches and just at the base of side shoots 

 or aborted buds. Usually there is but one in a shoot, but in case the latter 



