276 NEW YOKK ST ATI-: MISEIM 



killed, that the beetles were mostl}' tU;;ul at that time and that the 

 secondary Ljalleries madi; by the i^^rubs were fr(Jin i Ji to 2 inches lon*^. 

 He also observed that the females entereil green living tissues by preference 

 and that a large proportion of the hickory foliage had been destroyed at 

 that time li\ the beetles burrowing the leaf petioles and twigs. Black 

 walnut twigs had also suffered to some extent. 



Earlier injuries. The outlook for hickories in that section of New \ ork 

 State is not ver)- encoin-aging if we nia\ judge from the previous records 

 of this insect. The attention of the late l)r Riley was called in 1867 to 

 the very destructive work of this insect about Princeton Til., where it had 

 destroyc'd hickory trees for the ])revious 10 years and in 1872 the injuries 

 caused by this beetle in Washington county, Mo., were brought to his 

 notice. This pest is recorded as having caused considerable damage about 

 Newark N. I. from 1S91 to 1894, at which lullcr date- geni-ral alarm was 

 felt on account of so many trees dying. It was reported as quite injurious 

 about Crafton, Alleghany co., Pa. in 1894. The next year or two it must 

 have caused considerable mischief as the trouble was notic(-d in tlie report 

 of the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture for 1896 and there this 

 insect was characterized as the most destructive bark beetle in Alleghany 

 county where it had caused the death of a large number of hickories. 



Mr C. W. Johnson observes in this report that the borer was most 

 destructive in woods where the underbrush had been trimmed out and it 

 may be wi^ll in this connection to notice that practicalK' the same condi- 

 tions obtain among the infestetl hickories at deneseo. 



Professor Osborn records consideral)le injury to hickory and walnut 

 trees in Iowa about this lime, the U'a\cs of all being cut ofl more or less 

 antl some 8 inch shell bark trees killed. 



Life history and habits. The life hisior\- of this borer may be summa- 

 rized as follows. The beetles ap])ear from the last of June to the last of 

 July and may be found in New York -State up to the middle of August. 

 They bore young twigs, terminal buds and green nuts, evidently for for,d, 

 and in this manner they frecpiently cause the willing of leaves and the 



