INSECTS AFFECTIXr. PARK AND WOODLAND TREES 



2/7 



cieath of t\viu;s. They attack the bark of the trunk and the \:\n^cr branches 

 in July, each female makini;- a vertical j^aller)- an inch or more in lent^th and 

 along the sides of which she deposits in small notches 20 to 40 or 50 eggs. 

 The parental galleries are frequently very regularly placed on the tree one 

 above another. The eggs soon hatch and the grulis work in tin- tissues at 

 first at nearly right angles to the primary galleries but those at the extremi- 

 ties soon diverge from the others till they run nearly parallel with the wood 

 fibers. The larval galleries rarely cross each other. Winter is jjassed by 

 the grubs in a nearly full grown condition. They transform to pupa the 

 last of May and the beetles appear about 

 a month later. | AVc pi. 39, fig. 4 for 

 method of \\ork in trunks] 



Prot. |. H. Smith of New Bruns- 

 wick has expressed the ojiinion that 

 two broods of this insect ma_\' occur in 

 Pennsylvania but no other writer has 

 observed an\thing which indicated more 

 than one annual generation and the lat- 

 ter seems to be true in New York State 



, the posterior extremity of the 



at least. 



Description. The adult insect is a small brown or black 

 beetle about ' 5 inch in length. This species is more easily 

 recognized by its characteristic work in hickories as the difter- 

 ences between the adults of the various forms are not very 

 apparent to other than experts. The grubs are about i^. inch 

 in length, white with brownish heads and powerful dark 

 colored jaws. The structure of the antennae is shown at 

 plate 67, figure i 3. 



Signs of injury. The prt'liminar_\- signs of injury are 

 exceedingl}' important because they frequently tell of the 

 trouble before it has passed the remedial stage. Wilting 



leaves and dead twigs in midsummer are the princijial indications of the 



Fig. 40 Hicliory b.irk 1. 



Fig. 47 Middle tibi.i 

 of hickory b^rk 

 borer (original) 



