INSECTS AFFECTING PARK A.NU W OODI.AXD TREES 297 



min*;- and Mr L). W. C()(|uillctt has foviiul this insect in dead ii;ra]jevini;s and 

 obtained it from an oranyetree Avhich had been cut down two years pre- 

 viousl)-. He has also bred it from ch-y sjcamore wood. 1 )r A. 1). Hopkins 

 states that this species infests, in addition to thos(_- uivcn alio\e, seasoned 

 locust and wild cherr)-, and he likewise records it as injurious to stored han- 

 dles, spokes and hoops. Prof. ]•'. M. Webster states that in 1S91 his atten- 

 tion was called to a pecvdiar condition of aflairs in western (Jhio. A com- 

 plaint was made th..t the borer was eating not only shop tloors of a manu- 

 facturer of agricultural implements but also the posts that supported the 

 floors of the difTerent stories. Professor Webster was able to trace the 

 origin of the troulile to a lot of oak timber that had been piled in the 

 yards for the purpose of seasoning and ascertained that the insect had 

 been brought into the building as the wood was carried inside for the pur- 

 pose of working it up. He states that the borer appeared to attack only 

 the sapwood of the open floor, and would riddle this no matter where it was 

 located, whether it was in the floor of a storeroom where it was quiet, or in 

 portions that were constantly shaken b)' the rumble of machinery. A 

 thin paper covering was left untouched on the post, while all of the sappy 

 part within was soon reduced to powder. Professor Webster states that 

 the larvae appear to burrow usualh' parallel with the grain of the wood 

 and that they pupated in a chamber without forming a cocoon. He bred 

 from this insect a little honey yellowish parasite, Hecabolus lycti 

 Cress., in large numbers. 



Remedial measures. X'arious remedial measures were recommended 

 and tried with var\ing success. I'rofessor Webster summarizes the 

 results as follows : 



Kerosene applied to the posts had little effect, and in the paint shop 

 the frequent rubbing of paint brushes over the surface of posts did not 

 appear to inconvenience the borers. The only place where they did not 

 appear to depredate was in the basements, which were of necessity more or 

 less damp. On the floors kerosene oil was effective for a time, but later 

 investigations have shown that in time this would all e\-aporate and the 

 beetles would then attack the wood a second time. The only application 

 that was thoroughly effective; and also a pnileclion from subsequent injury, 



