The Fresh Water Fishes of the Island of Formosa. 171 



It is very difficult to draw a hard and fast line between true fresh- 

 water fishes and brackish-water fishes. Therefore in the following 

 pages the descriptions of all the fishes which were found in the fresh 

 waters are given. For the sake of completeness I have added the 

 descriptions of five known species, namely: Purasalanx aciiticeps, 

 Liobagrus fornwsaiuts, Ischikaiiia macrolepis, Anguilla sinensis, and 

 Glossogohius ahacopiis, of which I have not seen specimens. 



The typical portions of the collections, including the type specimens, 

 and the others which are described in the present paper, are pre- 

 served in the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh. A second set, in- 

 cluding cotypes of the new species, is deposited in the Museum of 

 Leland Stanford Junior University. The remainder is reserved for 

 the Institute of Science, Government of Formosa. 



It has been my good fortune during a visit to Leland Stanford Junior 

 University to be able to examine types and other specimens, and to 

 use the reference books and literature quite freely. For this privilege 

 I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the authorities of the Uni- 

 versity. In the preparation of the present paper I have received the 

 kind and valuable assistance of Dr. David Starr Jordan, Dr. Charles 

 Henry Gilbert, and Prof. John Otterbein Snyder, for whose courtesy 

 I express my hearty thanks. 



Family SALMONID^E. 

 Genus Plecoglossus Temminck & Schlegel. 



1846. Plecoglossus Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., p. 229. 

 (Type Plecoglossus allivelis Temminck & Schlegel.) 



Body moderately elongate, covered with very small scales. Mouth 

 wide, the premaxillaries with a few, small, conical, pointed teeth. 

 Maxillaries and lower jaw with teeth of peculiar form, lamelliform, 

 broad, truncate, serrate, movable, seated in folds of the skin; mandibles 

 each ending in a small knob, not jointed at the symphysis. Mucous 

 membrane of interior of mouth between terminal halves of the man- 

 dible forming a peculiar organ, raised in folds with two pouches in 

 front and one behind. Tongue very small, with minute teeth, its tip 

 toothless; no teeth on vomer, palatines with teeth. Pyloric caeca 

 very numerous. Eggs small. Small fishes inhabiting the clear 

 streams of Japan and Formosa, migratory like the salmon, and among 

 the very finest of food-fishes. One species is known (Jordan & Snyder). 



Distribution: Japan proper; Corea; Formosa. 



