The Fresh Water Fishes of the Island of Formosa. 185 



caudal; anal long. Jaws with a band of villiform teeth; a band of 

 villiform or granular teeth across the vomer; cleft of mouth trans- 

 verse, anterior, of moderate width; barbels eight, one pair of nasal, 

 one of maxillar}', and two pairs of mandibular barbels. Eyes small, 

 with a free orbital margin. The upper and lateral parts of the head 

 are osseous, or covered with only a very thin skin. A dendritic, 

 accessory branchial organ is attached to the convex side of the second 

 and fourth branchial arches, and received in a cavity behind the gill- 

 cavity proper. Ventrals six-rayed; only the pectoral has a pungent 

 spine. 



Distribution: Africa; Syria; Bengal; India; Sumatra; Java; Borneo; 

 Ceylon; Luzon; Mindanao; Formosa; China; Cochin-China. 



lo. Clarias fuscus (Lacepede). 

 Tosa or Tause (Formosa). 



1803. Macropleronotus fuscus Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, p. 88, pi. 2, fig. 2. 

 1846. Clarias pulcaris Richardson, Voy. Sulph., Fish., p. 135, pi. 62, fig. 56; 



Canton, China. 

 1864. Clarias fuscus Gunther, Cat. Fish., V, p. 18; China. — Jordan & Evermann, 



Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXV, 1903, p. 321; Taihoku, Formosa. — Jordan & 



Richardson, Mem. Carneg. Mus., IV, no. 4, 1909, p. 168; Taihoku; Takao. 



— Vaillant, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., VI, 1904, p. 297; Tongking. 

 1897. Clarias fuscus Rutter, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., Jan., p. 57; Swatow, 



China. 

 1908. Clarias sauleri Regan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), I, p. 151; Kagi; Formosa. 



Head 4. 11 in length; depth 5.66; D. 58; A. 42; P. I, 9; V. 6; width 

 of head 1.2 in its length; eye twelve times in head, five times in snout, 

 six and one-half times in interorbital space, which is contained 1.75 

 in head; pectoral 1.33; ventral 2.66. 



Body compressed, higher in front; head flattened, inclined anteriorly, 

 with two oval depressions along the median longitudinal line, one on 

 the interorbital space, the other on occiput; tail long and tapering; 

 snout flattened, truncated in front; mouth slightly inferior, transverse; 

 lips granulated, upper lip much thicker than the lower; jaws with a 

 band of villiform teeth, upper jaw protruding; vomer with a crescent- 

 shaped band of villiform teeth, which is narrower than that of the inter- 

 maxillary; eyes very small, supra-lateral; nostrils separated, anterior 

 nostril in contact with upper lip, in a short tube, posterior nostril 

 superior, just behind the base of rostral barbel; eight barbels, one 

 pair rostral, one maxillary, two mandibular, of which the maxillary 



