198 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



h". Pharyngeal teeth in two series. 



c'. Lips thin; mouth terminal, oblique; dorsal nearly over the 



ventral Gnathopogon. 



c" . Lips broad and papillose; mouth small, protracted down- 

 wards; dorsal inserted well in advance of the ventral. 



Pseudogohio. 

 b'". Pharyngeal teeth in a single series. 



c'. Mouth very small, transverse, directed upwards; mandible 

 with a hard, trenchant eege, no hdLvh&ls. .Pseiidorashora. 

 B. Lateral line running along the lower half of the tail; dorsal fin inserted 

 behind the origin of ventrals. 

 a'. Pharyngeal teeth in two series, 4, 4-4, 4; lateral line complete. 



Pararasbora. 

 II. Anal fin short or of moderate length, with from seven to eleven branched rays, 

 not extending forwards to below the dorsal fin. 



A. Dorsal fin with osseous ray. 



a'. Dorsal fin rather short, with two smooth spines and seven branched 

 rays; barbels none; pharyngeal teeth in a double series. Pf^/crc/jo^/ow. 



B. Dorsal fin without osseous ray. 



a'. Lateral line incomplete; dorsal inserted behind the origin of the 

 ventral; pharyngeal teeth in double series, slender and hooked, 5, 3- 



4, 4 Phoxiscus. 



a". Lateral line complete; dorsal inserted in advance of the origin of the 

 ventral; pharyngeal teeth in double series, their outer surfaces 



deeply folded, 5, 2-2, 5 Ctenopharyngodon. 



III. Anal fin of moderate length, extending forwards to below the dorsal; lateral 

 line, if complete, running into, or nearly into the middle of the tail; pharyn- 

 geal teeth in a single series; no dorsal spine. 



A. Lateral line complete; anal fin with eight to ten rays Acheilognalhus. 



B. Lateral line incomplete; anal fin with about twelve rays Rhodeus. 



W. Anal fin of moderate length; lateral line running along the lower half of the 



tail; pharyngeal teeth in three series. 



A. Barbels, none. 



a'. Body moderately elongate and compressed; pharj^ngeal teeth i or 2, 

 4, 4 or 5-5, or 4, 4, 2 or I ; dorsal fin inserted a little behind or oppo- 

 site to the origin of ventrals Zacco. 



a". Body deep and strongly compressed; pharyngeal teeth 2, 4, 4-4, 4, 2; 

 dorsal fin inserted above the interspace between ventrals and anal. 



Melzia . 



B. Barbels, two. 



a'. Body elongate, laterally compressed; pharyngeal teeth i, 4, 5-5, 4, i; 



dorsal fin inserted opposite to ventrals Candidia. 



\. Anal fin elongate; lateral line running along the middle of the tail; no dorsal 

 spine; pharyngeal teeth in a single series, 4-4. 

 a'. Entire abdominal edge carinated; gill-rakers continuous, forming a cres- 



centic horny membrane H y po phlhalmichlhys. 



a". Postvcntral edge carinated; gill-rakers separated, slender and long. 



Arislichlhys. 



