The Fresh Water Fishes of the Island of Formosa. 199 



\'I. Anal fin elongate; abdomen, or a part of abdomen, compressed and carinated. 



A. Lateral line with no conspicuous curve, slightly decurved; entire, or a 



part of abdomen carinated. 

 a'. Abdomen behind the ventral compressed to an edge; before ventrals 

 rounded; anal elongate, of seventeen rays; first dorsal ray more or 



less enlarged and spine-like Ischikauia. 



a". Postventral edge carinated; rounded before ventrals; profile of the 

 nape remarkably convex; lower jaw not protruding; anal fin elon- 

 gate with more than twenty rays; dorsal fin armed with strong 



spines; scales rather large Chanodichthys. 



a'". Entire or postventral edge carinated; profile of the nape slightly 

 convex; lower jaw protruding; anal fin elongate; with more than 

 twenty rays; dorsal fin armed with strong spines; scales small. 



Culler. 



B. Lateral line abruptly bent downwards above the pectoral. 



a'. Abdominal edge entirely carinated; anal fin rather short, with fifteen 

 to seventeen rays; dorsal fin with two smooth spines; scales large. 



Cullriculus. 

 Genus Carassius Nilsson. 

 1832. Carassius Nilsson, Prodromus Ichthyol. Scand. (Type Cyprinus carassius 

 Linnaeus.) 

 Body oblong, compressed and elevated. Mouth terminal, without 

 barbels. Teeth 4-4, molar, but compressed. Scales large. Lateral 

 line continuous. Dorsal fins very long, with third ray developed into 

 a stout spine, which is serrated behind; anal short with a similar spine. 

 Ventrals well forward. Large species of the fresh waters of Europe 

 and Asia; often domesticated. (Jordan & Fowler.) 



Distribution: Central and Northern Europe; Siberia; China; Cochin- 

 China; Formosa; Corea; Amur Province; Japan. 



16. Carassius auratus (Linnaeus). 

 Funa (Japan); Chiira or Chirahii (Formosa). 



1758. Cyprinus auratus Linn^us, Syst. Nat. Ed. X, p. 323. — Gunther, Ann. 

 Ac. St. Petersb., 1896, p. 12; Huihsien; Chang-tu-fu. — •Rich.\rdson, Ich- 

 thyol. China, p. 293; Tse-Kiang. 



1863. Carassius auratus Bleeker, Atl. Ichthyol. Cypr., p. 74. — Gunther, Cat. 

 Fish., VII, 1868, p. 32; China; Japan. — Bleeker, Cypr. China, 1871, p. 7; 

 Pekin. — GDnther. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Sept., 1873, p. 246; Shanghai. — 

 Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Z06I. France, IX, 1884, p. i; Tonkin. — Rutter. 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1897, p. 58; Swatow. — Fowler, Proc. Acad. 

 Sc. Philad., 1899, p. 179; China. — Abbott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIII. 

 1901, p. 484- Pei-ho, China. — -Jordan & Fowler, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 XXVI, 1903, p. 860; Japan. — Jordan & Everjviann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 1903, p 321; Formosa. — Vaillant, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., VI, 1904, p. 298; 



