The Fresh Water Fishes of the Island of Formosa. 209 



from the interior of Hainan giving it the name Gymnostoniiis leptnnis/ 

 Although there is no statement with regard to the barbels it seems to 

 belong to the present genus, because of the peculiar shape of the mouth, 

 large scales, and the absence of an osseous dorsal spine. The barbels of 

 Scaphesthes are very small, and hidden beneath the labial fold. There- 

 fore, they might have been overlooked by that author. 



20. Scaphesthes tamusuiensis sp. nov. (Plate L, Fig. i). 

 Kooye (Formosa). 



Head 5 in length; depth 4.5; D. 3, 8; A. 3, 5; P. 17; V. 9; width of 

 head 1.87 in its length; eye 4.33 in head; interorbital space 2.5; snout 

 2.6; pectoral 1.2; ventral 1.33; scales forty-six in the lateral line, seven 

 in an oblique series between origin of dorsal and lateral line, six from 

 the latter to the middle of belly; pharyngeal teeth 5, 3, 2-2, 3, 5; 

 gill-rakers 5 + 27. 



Body elongate, slightly compressed, abdomen rounded; head 

 rather small, its top more or less convex; snout obtusely rounded; 

 tip of the skin extends downwards and partially o\'erlaps the upper 

 lip; mouth transverse, inferior, crescent-shaped; upper lip smooth, 

 without labial fold; lower jaw with no lip, mandibular edge nearly 

 straight, sharp, covered with a horny brown layer; barbels four, two 

 rostral and two maxillary, very minute, the latter hidden in the deep 

 lateral fissure behind the angle of mouth; eyes moderate, superior 

 and anterior; nostrils close together in front of eyes, the anterior nos- 

 tril covered with a flap; pharyngeal teeth in three rows, those of the 

 outer row canine-like, slender, slightly curved, those of the inner rows 

 are smaller; gill-rakers very minute; gill-openings large. 



Dorsal fin inserted nearer tip of snout than base of caudal, armed 

 with smooth soft spines, anterior ray the longest; anal fin entirely 

 behind the dorsal, slightly in advance of a point midway between 

 origin of ventral and base of caudal; the ventral inserted behind the 

 origin of dorsal; the pectoral reaches three-fifths the distance to ven- 

 trals; caudal fin deeply forked, the lobes pointed; caudal peduncle 

 elongate, its depth 2.2 in head. 



Body covered with uniform cycloid scales; the ventral with scaly 

 flaps, no scaly pectoral flap; lateral line continuous, extending along 

 the middle of the sides, slightly decurved anteriorly. 



■• Gymnostomns lepttirus Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1899, p. 961, PI. 

 LXIX, Fig. i; Hainan. 



15 DEC. 17, 1919. 



