276 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



soft dorsal and anal, the caudal and ventral more or less elongate in 

 the mature specimens, but not filamentous; caudal rounded. Lateral 

 line interrupted or absent. Branchial arches with toothed tubercles. 

 Air-bladder simple; pseudobranchia^ none (glandular). Pyloric appen- 

 dages in small number; intestine with many circumvolutions. 



Distribution: Java; Sumatra; Borneo; Ceylon; Malabar; China; 

 Formosa. 



57. Polyacanthus operculatus (Linnaeus). 



Taiwan-kingyo (Formosa). 



1735. Lahrus opercularis Linn.«us, Amoen. Acad., IV, p. 428 (not binomial). 



1789. Labrus operculatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., p. 1286; Asia (after Linnaeus). 



1785. Chcetodon chinensis Block, Ichthyologie, VII, p. 3, Taf. 218, Fig. i; China. 



1831. Polyacanthus chinensis Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, p. 357. — Rich- 

 ardson, Ichthyol. China, 1846, p. 250; Canton. 



1842. Macropodus ocellalus Cantor, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., IX, p. 484; Chusan. 



1846. Polyacanthus} opercularis Richardson, Ichthyol. China, p. 250; China. 



1846. Polyacanthus ? paludosus Richardson, Ichthyol. China, p. 250; Canton. 



1861. Polyacajilhus opercularis Gunther, Cat. Fish, III, p. 379; Chusan; Hong- 

 kong; China. — Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Sept., 1873, p. 243; Shanghai. — 

 Pkters, Monatpb. Ak. Berlin, 1880, p. 923. — Abbott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 XXIII, 1901, p. 490; Tien-tsin. 



Head 3 in length; depth 2.75; D. 14, 6; A. 20, 13; P. 10; V. 2, 4; 

 width of head 1.66 in its length; eye 3.66 in head; interorbital space 

 2.8; snout 4; twenty-eight scales in a lateral scries, six scales between 

 orbit and posterior margin of operculum, twelve scales in an oblique 

 series between origin of dorsal and the root of ventral. 



Body oblong, compressed, dorsal and ventral profiles equally 

 arched; head moderate, triangular, entirely covered with scales; 

 operculum with no spine or serrature; snout pointed anteriorly, 

 interorbital space more or less convex; mouth small, terminal and 

 subvertical, its angle not reaching the orbit; lower jaw slightly pro- 

 truding; both jaws with small, fixed, villiform teeth; eyes rather large, 

 anterior; nostrils separated, the anterior approximating the upper lip, 

 the posterior in contact with eye. 



Origin of the dorsal much nearer tip of snout than base of caudal, 

 inserted behind that of anal, soft rays much longer than the spinous, 

 the anterior longest, reaching middle of caudal; pectoral fins thoracic, 

 the tips reaching beyond the anterior third of anal; anal fin very long, 

 its base longer than that of dorsal, soft rays elongate, extending 

 beyond the middle of caudal; caudal fin oblong, rounded at the tip; 



