332 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



Anal fin beginning notably behind insertion of pectorals, the length 



of its base only about half that of the dorsal; dorsal fin exceedingly 



high, its first two rays short, graduated, the third longest, reaching 



past base of caudal. Anal moderate, its longest ray about reaching 



middle of fin; upper and lower rays of caudal with fine recurved hooks; 



front of head straight, subvertical, the nape elevated. Dorsal spines 



34, anal spines 22. Elephenor. 



A A. D1ANID.E. Dorsal and anal spines somewhat pungent, wide set, not specially 



elevated (about twenty-two in the dorsal, eighteen in the anal); anal 



shorter than dorsal beginning just behind base of pectoral, the spines rather 



low, the longest behind middle of fin; ventral very small, jugular, under 



posterior part of gill-opening; nape greatly elevated, the dorsal beginning 



just behind eye; caudal peduncle very slender; scales reduced to small, 



star-like tubercles; no sheath at base of dorsal or anal Diana." 



We may note that Pteraclis papilio Lowe, from Madeira, is said to 

 have one of the anterior spines of dorsal and anal notably enlarged. 

 It probably belongs to Bentenia. Pteraclis carolinus Cuv. & Val. 

 from off South Carolina and Pteraclis trichipterns Cuv. & Val. (Plate 

 LVII, lower figure) from unknown locality (but doubtless in the 

 Pacific, having been collected by Quoy & Gaimard) are said to have 

 the third or fourth dorsal spine somewhat enlarged. Nothing is said 

 as to the position of the ventral fin, but it may be assumed that this is 

 jugular as in Pteraclis ocellatus. Until we have further information 

 we may leave these in Pteraclis. The figure of Pteraclis ocellatus 

 (Plate LVIII, upper figure) does not show any spine to be enlarged, 

 but the description states that the third spine is thick and easily 

 divides itself into two halves, left and right. The number of rays in 

 the ventral fins is also uncertain. Pteraclis papilio is said to have the 

 ventrals I, 5 as in Bentenia. P. ocellatus was thought to have these 

 rays i, 3, but Valenciennes regards this count as doubtful. In 

 P. velifera but one ray is indicated, the soft rays being probably all 

 broken off. As these fins are extremely fragile, it is likely that I, 5 is 

 the normal number in all the species. 



The figure of the type of Pteraclis, (P. velifera) as copied by Bonna- 

 terre from Pallas, shows the third spine apparently slightly enlarged 

 and nearly as long as the spines succeeding. The copy of this plate 

 given by Schneider is erroneous in several respects. 



The species called Pteraclis carolinus by Goode & Bean (Oceanic 

 Ichthyology, p. 212, pi. LIX, fig. 218) has none of the dorsal spines 



''Diana Risso, Europe Meridionale, III, p. 267, 1826; type Diana semilunata 

 Risso, from off Nice. Aslrodermus giiUatns Bonelli 1829, is the same species. 



