78 THE REPOET OF THE No. 36 



border a fairly definite line by which the distribution of other species can be 

 measured. The squares show the stations of Linyphia limitanea. This was first 

 found on the Aroostook Eiver, near the boundary between Maine and New Bruns- 

 wick, and at the same time in Newfoundland. It follows westward nearly the 

 same distribution as Theridion zelotypum, but does not come quite as far south. 

 To avoid complication these three species are the only ones plotted. Theridion 

 moniiinum covers the southern part of the range of Theridion zelotypum and ex- 

 tends farther south but not as far north. It goes into the New England moun- 

 tains, but is not confined to high elevations like Linyphia nearctica, but comes 

 down a thousand feet lower into valleys like the Crawford Notch. 



All the spiders which have been mentioned make cobwebs and live in trees, 

 pi'eferably in spruce, and with them follow several other tree species of similar 

 habits, but less definite distribution, Lophocaremim decemocidatum and Gram- 

 monnta pictilis being the most constant. 



On the ground under and near these trees wherever there is an accumulation 

 of leaf mould or moss, other than sphagnum, lives another group of spide*rs ap- 

 parently as regular in their distribution. Theridion sexpunctatum is one of these 

 and extends from the coast of Maine to . Vancouver. With it are' Pedanostethus 

 fusca, Bathyphantes alpinu, Tmeticus monianus, Tmeticus armatus, Tmeticus 

 hidentatus, €ryphceca montana and Amauro'hius borealis. The recent Canadian 

 Arctic expedition has brought back two minute spiders, Tmeticus hrunneus and 

 Microneta crassimanus from Nome, Alaska, both of which are rarely found in the 

 upper forest of Mt. Washington, N.H. 



Beside the spiders living in trees and in the moss there are some species living 

 on the ground that follow the same distribution. Lycosa albohastata, a brilliantly 

 coloured hunting spider, lives at Hopedale and Battle Harbor, Labrador, on islands 

 off the coast of Maine, above the trees in the AVhite Mountains, at Kettle Eapids in 

 the Hudson Bay bog, and on Sulphur Mountain at Banff. 



The southern limits of the spiders avc have been reviewing correspond roughly 

 with the southern limits of the spruce forest area; their northern limits are yet to 

 be defined. Over the whole forest area and north, and to some extent south of it, 

 range several species of Lycosidw from Labrador to the Pacific coast and from 

 Greenland to the mountains of Colorado. The most diifuse of these is perhaps 

 Pardosa glacialis. It is found on both sides of Greenland, along the Labrador coast 

 and south as far as Massachusetts, and at various localities across the continent. 

 The recent Arctic expedition brought it from Corcnation Gulf and Nome, Alaska, 

 and it is on all the mountains east and west. Pardosa groenJandica is almost as 

 widespread. It comes down the east coast as far as Portland, Maine, and is on the 

 Pacific coast and all high mountain tops. Pardosa luteoJa lives in bogs and on 

 mountain tops across the Continent, and P. uncata and P. tachypoda in all kinds of 

 country, at a little lower level all the way across. 



South of the coniferous forest many of the spiders of the plains and hardwood 

 forest extend across the continent, among them several of the large Epeiridas. 

 Epeira frifolivm, marmoreu, angulata and pnfagiata, and of course the introduced 

 house species. 



Most of the transcontinental spiders extend to the eastern mountains or sea- 

 coast, where they were first known, but a few species cross part of the way from 

 the west. Epeira gemma oi California comes east as far as Medicine Hat. Epeira 

 aculeata and Siitacus rainieri of the western mountains were found this summer 

 along the Hudson Bay Eailway in the same places as the rare Hahrocestum 

 (Enophrys) cruciatum and Dendry pit antes montanus of the White Mountains. 



